北非地区天河石考古  

Amazonite Archaeology in North Africa

作　　者：胡慧 张登毅 HU Hui;ZHANG Dengyi(Institute of Archaeology,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100191)

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学考古研究院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国宝玉石》2024年第1期2-9,共8页China Gems & Jades

摘　　要：通过对北非地区出土天河石的文献进行梳理和研究,发现在北非地区存在3个古老的天河石矿藏,即位于利比亚东南部的祖马矿、埃及东部沙漠的杰贝尔米吉夫(Jebel Migif)的北侧和杰贝尔哈法菲特(Jebel Hafafit)的西侧的两个矿区。北非地区的天河石最早于苏丹中部喀士穆地区的Shaheinab遗址被发现,随后在其他的考古挖掘中,如苏丹塞莱姆盆地R12墓地、利比亚的Fewet绿洲和埃及王朝时期都出土了天河石制品。在埃及王朝时期出土的天河石制品,大多是在贵族墓中发现的,说明它主要为贵族所使用,是一种地位的象征;同时,部分出土天河石制品的相关实验表明,有的天河石制品并不来源自上述3个古矿藏,而是其他地区的矿藏。这表示在一定的时期,北非地区存在着关于天河石的交换贸易路线,这对研究和构建北非地区贸易网络提供了新的视角。Through combing and researching the literature on amazonite excavations in North Africa,it was found that three ancient amazonite deposits existed in North Africa,namely the Zuma mine located in southeast Libya,the northern side of Jebel Migif and the western side of Jebel Hafafit in the eastern desert of Egypt.The earliest amazonite was found in the Central Sudan Shaheinab site in the Kashmu region,and subsequently in other archaeological excavations,amazonite artifacts were unearthed in the R12 cemetery in the Salem Basin of Sudan,the Fewet Oasis in Libya,and during the Dynastic period of Egypt.Most of the amazonite artifacts unearthed during the Egyptian dynastic period were found in noble tombs,indicating that it was mainly used by the nobility and was a status symbol.At the same time,the related experiments of some unearthed amazonite products show that some amazonite do not come from the above three ancient mineral deposits,but from other regions.This suggests that there was an exchange trade route for amazonite in North Africa at a certain period of time,which provides new perspectives for the study and construction of trade networks in North Africa.

关 键 词：北非 天河石 矿源 贸易路线 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]