核桃叶片挥发性成分提取及其驱蚊活性的研究  

Study on the Extraction of Active Ingredients from Walnut Leaves and Their Mosquito Repellent Activities

作　　者：王茹 杨梦思 张萍[1] 孙雅丽[3] 虎海防 WANG Ru;YANG Mengsi;ZHANG Ping;SUN Yali;HU Haifang(College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences National Long-term Research Base of Fruit Tree Science in Jiamu,Xinjiang,Xinjiang Aksu 843100,China;Institute of Landscape and Greening,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi 830062,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆林业科学院新疆佳木果树学国家长期科研基地,新疆阿克苏843100 [3]新疆林业科学院园林绿化研究所,乌鲁木齐830062

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2024年第3期223-233,共11页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：2022年自治区林业发展补助资金项目(XJLYKJ-2022-10)。

摘　　要：为筛选具有较强持效性和驱蚊效果的核桃叶片提取物,利用超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取‘温185’‘山核桃’‘美国东部黑核桃’和‘实生核桃’叶片挥发油,以核桃叶片挥发油提取率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,得出核桃叶片挥发油的最佳提取条件,并结合驱蚊试验,以驱蚊率为指标,筛选4种核桃叶片提取物的最佳驱蚊含量水平。结果表明,超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取‘美国东部黑核桃’叶片挥发油的最佳提取条件为提取时间8 h,超声时间10 min,固液比1∶10 (g·mL^(-1));在此条件下,核桃叶片挥发油的提取率为0.475%。以无水乙醇为溶剂将4种核桃叶片挥发油提取物溶液稀释为10%、20%、30%、40%并测定其溶液的驱蚊率,‘美国东部黑核桃’叶片挥发油提取溶液在30%含量水平下驱蚊时间可达20 min,此时驱蚊率为85.18%,驱蚊效果最佳。‘美国东部黑核桃’叶片挥发油提取物溶液具有良好的驱蚊效果,具有开发为植物源驱避剂的潜力,可进一步推广应用。In order to screen walnut leaf extracts with strong potency and mosquito repellent effects,ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation was applied to extract‘J.regia Wen185’‘C.cathayensis’‘J.nigra’and‘J.regia Shisheng’leaf volatile oil.With the extraction rate of volatile oil from walnut leaves as the index,orthogonal experiments were conducted on the basis of single-factor experiments to derive the best extraction conditions of volatile oil from walnut leaves,and combined with the mosquito repellent test,the best repellent content of 4 walnut leaf extracts were screened with the repellent rate as the index.It was shown that the best extraction conditions for the extraction of volatile oil from‘J.nigra’leaves by ultrasound-assisted water distillation were 8 h,10 min of ultrasound time,and 1∶10(g·mL^(-1))solid-liquid ratio.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of volatile oil of walnut leaves was 0.475%.Using anhydrous ethanol as the solvent,the mosquito repellent rate of the solutions of four kinds of walnut leaf volatile oil extract solutions were measured under dilution of 10%,20%,30%and 40%.The mosquito repellent effect time of‘J.nigra’leaf volatile oil extract solution could reach 20 min at 30%content,and when the repellent rate was 85.18%,the repellent effect was the best.Vaporized oil extract solution of‘J.nigra’leaves had good mosquito repellent effect and had the potential to be developed as a plant-derived repellent,which was worthy of further promotion and application.

关 键 词：核桃叶片 最佳提取条件 活性成分 驱蚊效果 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]