云南烟草种质库种子的生活力监测  

Viability monitoring of seed stocks in Yunnan tobacco genebank

作　　者：许美玲[1] 焦芳婵[1] 卢新雄[2] 吴兴富[1] 冯智宇 尹广鹍[2] XU Meiling;JIAO Fangchan;LU Xinxiong;WU Xingfu;FENG Zhiyu;YIN Guangkun(Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,650021,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing,100081,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,云南昆明市650021 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京市100081

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2024年第1期28-35,共8页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：“十四五”优质抗病烤烟新品种选育及配套技术研究(2022530000241017);国产雪茄烟叶品种生态适应性评价及种质资源鉴定研究(110202101011(XJ-03));雪茄烟品种生态适应性评价及种质资源鉴定评价(2021530000241001)。

摘　　要：【目的】开展烟草种质库资源生活力监测,确保库存资源的安全保存。【方法】选择1979至2008年保存于云南省烟草农业科学研究院种质库的烟草种子;于1992、2005和2019年分别开展3次生活力监测,并统计分析发芽率和发芽势。【结果】种子发芽势和发芽率的年降低值与保存年限有关,保存年限越长,生活力年降低值则越高;而不同年份入库种子生活力下降速率并不一致;种子保存前起始生活力越高,生活力降低越慢。【结论】为了确保烟草种子的长期安全保存,应加强烟草种植过程中田间管理,以及在气象条件较好的天气下收获烟草种子,从而提高种子质量;推荐烟草种质入库发芽率≥90%,但如果条件限制,也不能低于70%;应及时监测预警生活力降至70%的种子,并安排繁殖更新;在烟草种子含水量<5.0%的超干燥和室温的保存条件下,第一次监测间隔不能长于10年,以后每次监测间隔应根据烟草种子生活力下降情况相应缩短。[Objective]This study aims to implement vitality monitoring of resources in the tobacco germplasm repository to ensure the safe preservation of stock resources.[Methods]Materials:tobacco seeds stored in Genebank from 1979 to 2008 in Yunnan Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences were collected as research objects Seed viability monitoring was carried out in 1992,2005 and 2019,respectively,and the germination rate and germination potential were analyzed statistically.[Results]The annual decline in seed germination potential and germination rate is related to the length of preservation.The longer the preservation period,the higher the annual vitality decline.However,the rate of decline in seed vitality is not consistent for seeds deposited in different years.The higher the initial vitality of the seeds before preservation,the slower the decline in vitality.[Conclusion]In order to ensure the long-term safe preservation of tobacco seeds,field management should be strengthened during the tobacco planting process,and tobacco seeds should be harvested under favorable meteorological conditions to improve seed quality.It is recommended that the germination rate of tobacco germplasm entering the repository should be≥90%,but it should not be less than 70%if conditions are limited.Seeds with vitality dropping to 70%should be promptly monitored and warned,and breeding updates should be arranged.Under the preservation conditions of ultra-dry tobacco seeds with a moisture content<5.0%and room temperature,the first monitoring interval should not be longer than 10 years,and each subsequent monitoring interval should be shortened accordingly based on the decline in tobacco seed vitality.

关 键 词：烟草 生活力监测 发芽势 发芽率 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]