长江经济带岩溶塌陷分布、成因及其对工程建设的影响  

Distribution and causes of karst collapse in Yangtze River Economic Belt and its influence on engineering construction

作　　者：戴建玲[1,2] 雷明堂 蒋小珍[1,2] ZHOU Wanfang 蒙彦[1,2] 吴远斌 管振德 贾龙[1,2] 殷仁朝 潘宗源[1,2] 尹欧 陈英姿[5] 杨涛 雷柱平[7] 黄敬军 杨荣康 DAI Jianling;LEI Mingtang;JIANG Xiaozhen;ZHOU Wanfang;MENG Yan;WU Yuanbin;GUAN Zhende;JIA Long;YIN Renchao;PAN Zongyuan;YIN Ou;CHEN Yingzi;YANG Tao;LEI Zhuping;HUANG Jingjun;YANG Rongkang(Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Collapse Prevention,CGS/Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO,National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;Zeo Environmental,LLC,Knoxville 37934,Tennessee,USA;Geological Survey of Hunan Institute,Changsha 410116,Hunan,China;Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Hunan Province,418 Geological Brigade,Loudi 417099,Hunan,China;Geological Environment Center of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430034,Hubei,China;Geological Environment Monitoring Station of Anhui Province,Hefei 230001,Anhui,China;Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210018,Jiangsu,China;Guizhou Geological Environment Monitoring Institute,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/中国地质调查局岩溶塌陷防治技术创新中心/广西岩溶资源环境工程技术研究中心,广西桂林541004 [2]联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/岩溶动力系统与全球变化国际联合研究中心,广西桂林541004 [3]Zeo环境有限责任公司,美国田纳西州诺克斯维尔37934 [4]湖南省地质调查院,湖南长沙410116 [5]湖南省地质矿产勘查开发局四一八队,湖南娄底417009 [6]湖北省地质环境总站,湖北武汉430034 [7]安徽省地质环境监测总站,安徽合肥230001 [8]江苏省地质调查研究院,江苏南京210018 [9]贵州省地质环境监测院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《中国地质》2024年第1期184-202,共19页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查项目(DD20190266、DD20160254、DD20221637);中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(2021003);国家自然科学基金项目(42077273,41472298)联合资助。

摘　　要：[研究目的]岩溶塌陷是长江经济带主要环境地质问题之一,开展长江经济带岩溶塌陷分布、成因及其对工程建设的影响研究,对长江经济带立体综合交通走廊建设和新型城镇化建设地质环境安全保障具有重要意义。[研究方法]本文系统梳理了长江经济带岩溶塌陷研究成果,从岩溶环境特征、岩溶塌陷的成因类型和机制、发育及分布规律、对工程建设的影响及防控措施几个方面进行论述。[研究结果]研究结果表明,长江经济带岩溶塌陷易发区面积约25.4万km^(2),有记录的岩溶塌陷灾害2146处,矿山疏干排水、抽水、工程施工等是这一地区岩溶塌陷的主要诱发因素。长江经济带岩溶塌陷具有以下发育分布规律:一是具有区域性和地带性的分布特征;二是发育地层一般为均匀状纯碳酸盐岩,沿断裂破碎带、褶皱轴部裂隙发育带、可溶岩与非可溶岩接触地带等岩溶洞隙密集发育带分布;三是多发生在岩溶地下水强径流带、河流两岸等地下水位变化幅度大、水动力条件易发生急剧变化的地段;四是多发生在人类工程活动强烈的地区,塌陷的规模取决于人类活动的性质和强度。为了降低岩溶塌陷对工程建设和安全运营影响,本文同时提出了相关建议和对策。[结论]长江经济带岩溶塌陷分布广、危害大,高易发区内线性工程、重要城市群等规划建设应对这一环境地质问题引起重视,该研究成果可为长江经济带国土空间规划、地质灾害防治提供基础支撑和理论依据。[Objective]Karst collapse is one of the main environmental geological problems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Conducting research on the distribution,causes,and impact on engineering construction of karst collapse in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is of great significance for the geological environment safety guarantee faced by the construction of multimodal transport corridor and urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.[Methods]This article systematically summarizes the survey results of karst collapse implemented by China Geological Survey since 2016,including the geological background,cause types and mechanisms,development and distribution patterns,impact on engineering construction,and prevention and control measures of karst collapse.[Results]The research results indicate that the area of potential karst collapse in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is about 254000 square kilometers,with 2146 documented karst collapse disasters events.Mine drainage,pumping and engineering construction are the main inducing factors for karst collapse in this area.The karst collapse in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has the following formation and distribution characteristics:firstly,it has regional and zonal distribution characteristics;The second is that the underlying strata are generally homogeneous pure carbonate rocks,distributed along strong karstification zones such as fault fracture zones,the axis of strata fold and contact zones between soluble and non-soluble rocks;Thirdly,it often occurs in areas with large amplitude,high speed,and high frequency of groundwater level fluctuation such as concentrated flow zone of karst and river terraces;Finally,it often occurs in areas with strong human engineering activities,and the scale and quantity mainly depend on the type and intensity of human activities.In order to reduce the impact of karst collapse on engineering,this article also proposes relevant suggestions and countermeasures.[Conclusions]The karst collapse in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is widely dist

关 键 词：岩溶塌陷 地质灾害 分布 成因 工程建设 地质调查工程 长江经济带 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]