滇东典型煤矿区土壤重金属生态风险及来源解析  

Ecological risk and source analysis of soil heavy metals in typical coal mining areas of Eastern Yunnan Province

作　　者：姜昕 马一奇 涂春霖 黄安 胡要君 叶雷 和成忠 李世玉[3] JIANG Xin;MA Yiqi;TU Chunlin;HUANG An;HU Yaojun;YE Lei;HE Chengzhong;LI Shiyu(Kunming General Survey of Natural Resources Center,China Geological Survey,Technology Innovation Center for Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink,Ministry of Natural Resources,Kunming 650100,Yunnan,China;School of Water Resources and Environment,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心,自然资源部自然生态系统碳汇工程技术创新中心,云南昆明650100 [2]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083 [3]云南大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650504

出　　处：《中国地质》2024年第1期327-340,共14页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20208075)资助。

摘　　要：【研究目的】研究区地处滇东重要煤炭和农业产区,弄清煤矿区土壤重金属空间分布特征、潜在生态风险和污染来源,对煤矿区生态环境保护治理和确保农业安全具有重要现实意义。【研究方法】基于网格布点法于2021年6月在典型煤矿区采集土壤样品497件,分析了土壤pH、SOM、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn,运用污染负荷指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险进行评价,通过主成分分析和正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)模型分析了重金属潜在来源。【研究结果】土壤pH平均值为5.39,以酸性为主,SOM含量平均值是云南省土壤背景值的1.20倍,Cr、Cu、Cd、Ni、Zn和Hg含量平均值和中位数均超过云南省土壤背景值,绝大部分采样点Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni含量超过风险筛选值,分别占94.97%、93.96%、91.35%、79.28%,少部分采样点As、Cd含量超过管制值,分别占0.20%、1.41%。污染负荷指数法评价结果显示,研究区整体呈现轻微污染。潜在生态风险指数法评价结果显示,研究区整体呈现中等风险。主成分分析和PMF模型解析结果显示,研究区土壤重金属主要来源于地质背景,其次为农业活动和大气沉降。【结论】煤矿区土壤中Cd、Hg潜在生态风险较高,土壤重金属主要来源于地质背景,其次是农业活动和大气沉降,建议加强相关污染土地的监测和管理,减少农家肥不合理施用,强化煤炭工业污染排放监管。[Objective]The study area is located in an important coal and agricultural production area in eastern Yunnan Province.It is of great practical significance to understand the spatial distribution characteristics,potential ecological risks and pollution sources of heavy metals in soil of coal mining area for ecological environment protection and ensure agricultural security.[Methods]Based on the grid distribution point method,497 soil samples were collected in June 2021 in typical coal mining areas,and soil pH,SOM,As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb and Zn were analyzed.The Pollution Load Iindex method(PLI)and the Potential Ecological Risk Index method(PERI)were used to evaluate the status of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks.The potential sources of heavy metals were analyzed by using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and positive definite matrix factor analysis(PMF)models.[Results]The soil is mainly acidic,the average pH value of the soil is 5.39,and the average of SOM content is 1.20 times that of the background value for soils in Yunnan Province.The average and median values of Cr,Cu,Cd,Ni,Zn and Hg contents exceed the soil background values in Yunnan Province.The vast majority of sampling points have Cd,Cu,Cr,Ni content exceeding the risk screening value,accounting for 94.97%,93.96%,91.35%,and 79.28%,respectively.A small number of sampling points have As and Cd content exceeding the control values,accounting for 0.20%and 1.41%,respectively.The evaluation results of the PLI showed that the study area as a whole shows slight pollution.The evalution results of PERI showed that the overall risk of the study area is moderate.The results of the PCA and the PMF model analysis showed that soil heavy metals in the study area are mainly derived from the geological background,followed by agricultural activities and atmospheric deposition.[Conclusion]The potential ecological risks of Cd and Hg in the soil of the coal mining areas area relatively high,and the heavy metals in the soil mainly derived from the geological b

关 键 词：煤矿区 地质调查工程 土壤重金属污染 生态风险评价 污染来源 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826