不同玉米秸秆还田方式对土壤化学性质及烤烟产量的影响  

Effects of Different Corn Straw Returning Methods on Soil Chemical Properties and Tobacco Yield

作　　者：陈文华 陈涛 韩严竞 卢隆瑞 李海滨 况帅[3] 田鹏 颜石 王毅 CHEN Wenhua;CHEN Tao;HAN Yanjing;LU Longrui;LI Haibin;KUANG Shuai;TIAN Peng;YAN Shi;WANG Yi(Huidong Branch of Liangshan Prefecture Company,Sichuan Tobacco Company,Huidong Sichuan 615200;China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang Guizhou 550000;Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao Shandong 266101;Linyi Tobacco Company in Shandong Province,Linyi Shandong 276000;Weifang Tobacco Company in Shandong Province,Weifang Shandong 261000)

机构地区：[1]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司会东分公司,四川会东615200 [2]贵州中烟工业有限责任公司,贵州贵阳550000 [3]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101 [4]山东临沂市烟草公司,山东临沂276000 [5]山东潍坊市烟草公司,山东潍坊261000

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2024年第5期27-32,共6页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

摘　　要：玉米秸秆还田不仅可以使农业废弃物高效资源化利用,还可以有效改善烤烟种植过程中田间管理不合理导致的土壤肥力下降和功能退化的状况。本试验共设4个处理(分别为秸秆深埋、深松、粉垄30 cm、粉垄50 cm处理),探究了不同玉米秸秆还田方式对土壤化学性质及烤烟产量的影响。结果表明:粉垄50 cm处理土壤有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮、速效钾、土壤碳氮比提升效果最好;各处理烟叶氮、磷元素含量差异不显著,深松与粉垄50 cm处理烟叶产量较高;粉垄50 cm处理烟株上等烟比例最大,深松、粉垄50 cm处理烟叶产值较高。因此,粉垄50 cm玉米秸秆还田方式可以有效提高土壤营养元素含量,提升烟叶品质,显著增加烟叶产值。Returning corn straw to the field not only enables the efficient resource utilization of agricultural waste,but also effectively improves the soil fertility decline and functional degradation caused by unreasonable field management during tobacco cultivation.This experiment set four treatments(straw deep burial,subsoiling,Fenlong depth of 30 cm,and Fenlong depth of 50 cm)to investigate the effects of different corn straw returning methods on soil chemical properties and tobacco yield.The results showed that the soil organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available potassium,and soil carbon nitrogen ratio were most effectively improved in the treatment of Fenlong depth of 50 cm;there was no significant difference in the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in tobacco leaves among different treatments,while the tobacco yield was higher in treatments of subsoiling and Fenlong depth of 50 cm;the proportion of upper grade tobacco was the highest in Fenlong depth of 50 cm treatment,while the production value of tobacco was higher in treatments of subsoiling and Fenlong depth of 50 cm.Therefore,the method of corn straw returning to the field with Fenlong depth of 50 cm could effectively increase the soil nutrient content,improve the tobacco leaf quality,and significantly increase tobacco production value.

关 键 词：烤烟 玉米秸秆还田方式 土壤化学性质 有机质 产量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]