作为权力的话语:民国时期政府发言人的兴起与演变  

Discourse as Power:The Origin and Evolution of the "Spokesman" in the Republic of China

作　　者：周芳 夏琼[1] ZHOU Fang;XIA Qiong

机构地区：[1]武汉大学新闻与传播学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《新闻大学》2023年第11期105-117,123,共14页Journalism Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国政府新闻发言人选拔、培养、评估制度研究”(18BXW007)。

摘　　要：政府发言人是陈述的主体,也是政治关系中权力话语的象征。本文将“发言人”置于历史维度,讨论其在民国的兴起与演变。民国初期,政府部门普遍采用报界招待会的形式使舆论趋于一致,“秘书”“招待员”扮演了与发言人相同的角色。抗日战争开始后,“外交部发言人”的广泛实践催生了政府各机构发言人话语实践的兴起。发言人与其说是国民政府机构与记者的沟通载体,不如说是这种沟通背后权力话语的体现。1940年代,宣传被各国视为重要武器,国民政府也愈来愈重视发言人及其实践活动,发言人遂逐渐演变为职司政府机构或部门发言职责的专人。The spokesman is the subject of the statement and also the discourse that unfolds in the power relationship.This article puts the "spokesman" in the historical dimension and discusses its emergence,usage,rise,and evolution in the Republic of China.At the beginning of the Republic of China,government departments generally adopted the form of press conferences to make public opinion reaches unanimity.Secretary and receptionist played the same role as the spokesman.After the beginning of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression,the extensive practice of the "Foreign Ministry Spokesman" gave birth to the rise of the spokesman discourse of other government agencies.However,under the control of speech,the concealment of the spokesman's identity and the expansion-constriction of wartime information makes the speaker as a discourse more like the product of democracy and confidentiality.The "spokesman" is not so much the communication carrier between government agencies and newspaper reporters as the discourse result of this communication.In the 1940s,all countries regarded propaganda as an important weapon.The national government also paid more attention to spokesmen and their practical activities.The spokesman gradually evolved into a special person who was responsible for the speech of government agencies or departments.

关 键 词：政府发言人 新闻史 权力话语 情报 宣传 

分 类 号：G219[文化科学—新闻学]