驻马店冬小麦成熟收获期连阴雨天气发生规律及其对冬小麦产量和品质的影响  

Occurrence Regularity of Continuous Rain Weather in Winter Wheat Harvest Period and Its Influence on the Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat in Zhumadian

作　　者：陈英慧 陈建杰 徐凤英 张新艳 Chen Yinghui;Chen Jianjie;Xu Fengying;Zhang Xinyan(Zhumadian Meteorological Office,Zhumadian 463000,China;Xiping Meteorological Station,Xiping 463900,China)

机构地区：[1]驻马店市气象局,河南驻马店463000 [2]西平县气象局,河南西平463900

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2024年第1期75-80,共6页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技厅攻关项目(222103810090)。

摘　　要：为了提高农业气象灾害监测预报预警的科技支撑,科学精准地制定极端天气应急机制,更好地保障粮食安全,针对冬小麦成熟收获期连阴雨发生规律及其对冬小麦产量和品质造成的影响进行了深入细致的研究。选取位于驻马店市南部的驻马店、北部的西平和东南部的正阳3个站点作为全市的代表,利用1981年以来的冬小麦观测资料,确定驻马店市冬小麦的成熟收获期大致为5月20日至6月10日。利用1960年以来气象观测资料,统计分析历年冬小麦成熟收获期连阴雨天气发生规律,结果发现,在1960年至2023年的64年里,驻马店市冬小麦成熟收获期5月20日—6月10日发生连阴雨的频率很高,并且主要集中在5月26—31日和6月6—10日。5月26—31日驻马店市大部分地区冬小麦正处于成熟期,此时的连阴雨对冬小麦收打和晾晒影响更大。冬小麦成熟日期临近一周左右的时间内,成熟日与连阴雨发生的吻合度极高,且成熟前的连阴雨多于成熟后的,对冬小麦的产量和品质影响最大,也是影响驻马店市冬小麦产量和品质的一个最大隐患。2011年以来冬小麦成熟收获期发生连阴雨的频率有减少趋势,但发生极端天气和严重连阴雨天气的频率在增多,连阴雨发生天数较长,过程降水量较大,对冬小麦的产量和品质造成的危害更大。建议驻马店南部地区种植春性或弱春性的早熟品种,北部地区种植成熟较晚的半冬性或冬性品种,南部地区尽量赶在5月20日前后成熟,北部地区赶在6月1—3日成熟,以避开5月26—31日连阴雨集中时段。In order to enhance the scientific and technological support of agrometeorological disaster monitoring,forecasting and early warning,formulate the emergency mechanism of extreme weather scientifically and accurately,and better ensure food security,we conducted in-depth and detailed research on the regularity of continuous rain during the mature and harvest period of winter wheat and its impact on the yield and quality of winter wheat.The Zhumadian Station(in the south),Xiping Station(in the north)and Zhengyang Station(in the southeast)of Zhumadian City were selected as representative stations of the whole city.Based on the observation data of winter wheat since 1981,the ripening-harvesting period of winter wheat in Zhumadian has been determined roughly from May 20 to June 10.Based on the meteorological observation data since 1981,the occurrence regularity of continuous rainy weather during the winter wheat ripening-harvesting period is analyzed statistically.The results show that in the 64 years from 1960 to 2023,the probability of continuous rainy weather during the ripening-harvesting period of winter wheat in Zhumadian City is very high,mainly concentrated in May 26—31 and June 6—10.From May 26 to 31,winter wheat in most areas of Zhumadian City is in the maturation stage,and continuous rain at this time has a much greater impact on the harvesting and drying of winter wheat.Within a week or so before the maturation date of winter wheat,it is very likely for continuous rain to coincide with the ripening date of wheat.Moreover,continuous rain before wheat’s ripening occurs more than after its ripening,which impacts the yield and quality of winter wheat most seriously,and is also the biggest hidden danger affecting the yield and quality of winter wheat in Zhumadian City.Since 2011,the probability of continuous rain during the ripening-harvesting period of winter wheat has been in a decreasing trend.However,the probability of extreme weather and severe continuous rainfall is on the rise.The long duration of c

关 键 词：冬小麦 成熟收获期 连阴雨 发生规律 影响 

分 类 号：P468.024[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]