稀土废渣中污染物特性及环境风险分析  

Pollutant Characteristics and Environmental Risk Analysis of Rare Earth Waste Residue

作　　者：郭凤[1] 田少囡 吴玉锋[2] Guo Feng;Tian Shaonan;Wu Yufeng(Modular Platform Public Instrument Center,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Institute of Recycling Economy,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所模块化平台公共仪器中心,北京100190 [2]北京工业大学循环经济研究院,北京100124

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2024年第1期168-178,I0006,共12页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1909001)资助。

摘　　要：探究了离子型稀土矿开采产生的除杂渣、酸溶渣、熔盐渣3种典型稀土废渣的腐蚀性、组成、物相结构及赋存状态。基于典型稀土废渣的赋存状态及其堆存自然环境,研究了浸泡时间、浸泡液pH值和浸泡温度等因素对其所含铜、锌、铅、镉、镍、总铬、铍、钡、砷、硒等重金属离子及镝,铒,钆,钬,钕,镨,钐,镱稀土元素的浸出含量的影响,分析和评估了除杂渣、酸溶渣、熔盐渣3种典型稀土废渣的有毒重金属离子浸出毒性和环境风险,为稀土废渣的回收利用和安全处置提供了数据支撑。In this work,the corrosivity,composition,phase structure and occurrence of the removed residue,acid leaching residue,molten salt slags were studied.First,the effects of reaction parameters(e.g.,leaching time,pH and temperature) on leaching contents of heavy metal ions(e.g.Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni,Cr,Be,Ba,As and Se) and rare earth elements(e.g.Dy,Er,Gd,Ho,Nd,Pr,Sm,Yb) were investigated.The main pollutants in those three slags,their heavy metal leaching toxicities and environmental impacts were further analyzed.The present study introduces new data on the recycling and safe disposal of rare earth waste residues in China.

关 键 词：除杂渣 酸溶渣 熔盐渣 浸出毒性 环境风险 稀土 

分 类 号：X708[环境科学与工程—环境工程]