洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落变化  

Changes of Macroinvertebrate Community in Artificial Intertidal Zone of Yangshan Port

作　　者：张宇 袁林 薛俊增 ZHANG Yu;YUAN Lin;XUE Jun-Zeng(Center for Research on the Ecological Security of Port and Shipping,College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海海洋大学港航生态安全中心,上海201306

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2024年第1期37-48,共12页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFC2302800);上海港口及近海生态环境科技服务平台项目(No.19DZ2292500)。

摘　　要：洋山港是世界第一大集装箱港,自2002年开始至2017年共完成四期工程建设,期间港口建设中形成了8000余米的码头人工岸线,受港区一至四期工程的顺序建设、岛礁连接、围海造地和港口运营的远洋船舶停靠等影响,港口海域生态环境也逐步出现相应变化,导致包括潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物在内的海洋生物群落均受到相应影响。本研究于2021和2022年(第四期工程建设后)在洋山港港区二号码头与港区海域大洋山码头人工潮间带采集了大型底栖无脊椎动物,并对其群落结构与特征进行分析,同时与2009和2010年(第四期工程建设初)的历史调查资料对比,分析了第四期工程建设以来洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物的群落变化。结果显示,洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物种类数量由第四期工程建设前的17种增加至第四期工程建设后的28种,其中软体动物由8种增加至15种,节肢动物由7种增加至9种,腔肠动物增加至3种,环节动物增加至1种;跨海区入侵种东方小藤壶(Chthamalus challengeri)消失,而纹藤壶(Amphibalanus amphitrite)重新出现并成为优势种;洋山港人工码头潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落密度最高值由第四期工程建设初的(6333.30±1495.49)ind/m^(2)增加至(6517.33±119.67)ind/m^(2),生物量最高值由第四期工程建设初的(1977.04±281.87)g/m^(2)增加至(3724.69±940.94)g/m^(2);洋山港人工码头潮间带群落生物多样性指数有所上升而大洋山人工码头下降显著。与洋山港第四期工程建设初相比,洋山港海域码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落种类组成已经发生变化,群落生物多样性指数与丰度-生物量曲线(ABC曲线)分析结果均表明,目前洋山港海域生态环境处于中等污染水平。受港区运营影响,码头人工潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落仍受到中等程度的干扰,群落结构不稳�[Objectives]Yangshan Port is the world’s largest container port.The construction of Yangshan Port began in 2002 and the fourth phase of construction completed in 2017.More than 8000 m of wharf artificial shoreline were formed,due to the sequential construction of the first to fourth phases of the wharf,the connection of islands and reefs,the reclamation of land,and the docking of ocean-going ships operated by the port.At the mean time,the ecological environment of the port sea area has gradually changed accordingly,resulting in marine biological communities including intertidal macroinvertebrates.This paper compared the ecological characteristics and changes of macrobenthic invertebrates in the artificial intertidal zone of Yangshan Port in the early(2009﹣2010)and post(2021﹣2022)stages of phase IV construction,to provide basic data for evaluating the impact of human activities,such as the operation of Yangshan Port on the macrobenthic invertebrate community in the intertidal zone of the wharf,and the protection of marine biodiversity and the construction of green ports.[Methods]Intertidal macrobenthos was collected at Yangshan Port Artificial Wharf and Dayangshan Artificial Wharf in December 2021,March,July,and September 2022(Fig.2),according to the standard protocol for marine studies(GB 12763.6-2008).The temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH,and salinity of the seawater were measured on-site according to the standard protocol for marine studies(GB 17378.4-2007).Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H),Margalef diversity index(H′),Simpson richness index(D),and Pielou evenness index(E)were used to measure the biodiversity of the macrobenthic invertebrate community.Primer 5.0 was used to calculate the biodiversity index of the macrobenthic invertebrate community in the intertidal zone of Yangshan Port and draw the abundance/biomass comparison curve(ABC curve).Canoco 5.0 was used to analyze the relationship between macrobenthic invertebrates and environmental factors.[Results]The results showed that the species of macro

关 键 词：洋山港 人工潮间带 码头 大型底栖无脊椎动物 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]