全球啄木鸟濒危格局及研究现状  

The Extinction Risk Patterns and Research Status of Picidae Worldwide

作　　者：司雨蕙 孟德怀 雷影 滕威 戎可[1,3] SI Yu-Hui;MENG De-Huai;LEI Ying;TENG Wei;RONG Ke(College of Wildlife And Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040;Liaoyuan Forestry Bureau,Liaoyuan 136200;Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology,State Forestry Administration,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]辽源市林业局,辽源136200 [3]国家林业局野生动物保护学重点开放实验室,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2024年第1期132-146,共15页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.2572021AW03);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31970385)。

摘　　要：啄木鸟科物种作为初级洞巢者与蛀干害虫控制者,对森林高度依赖,是森林生态系统重要的伞护种和环境指示物种。自20世纪以来,由于全球范围的栖息地丧失和片段化,啄木鸟科物种的森林生境急剧萎缩,威胁着该类群物种的生存和繁衍。为探究啄木鸟科动物濒危情况和研究现状,本研究利用世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录(IUCN Red List)和国际鸟盟(BirdLife International)在线数据库,检索并整理出1988年到2023年以下内容:(1)全球啄木鸟的物种数、濒危等级及其变化情况;(2)各大洲的啄木鸟物种数及其受威胁物种的比例;(3)啄木鸟的主要威胁因素;(4)通过Google学术搜索等方式检索并统计啄木鸟相关文章的研究内容。结果显示:(1)目前现存254种啄木鸟,33年间全球受威胁啄木鸟由7种增加至18种,受威胁物种数占当年已命名啄木鸟物种数的比例由3.4%上升至7.0%。(2)亚洲、南美洲和北美洲各分布了83种、93种和56种啄木鸟,受威胁物种占比分别为12.0%、6.4%、5.3%。非洲和欧洲分别分布了36种和11种啄木鸟,当前没有受威胁物种。(3)农业和生物资源利用以及放牧是啄木鸟的主要威胁因素。(4)共检索到研究啄木鸟的有关文章1024篇,研究覆盖了140种啄木鸟,其中,文章数最多的物种是红顶啄木鸟(Leuconotopicus borealis)(162篇)。研究主要集中在巢相关特征(129篇)、生境选择特征(122篇)、取食行为(112篇)、繁殖行为(99篇)和种群状况(66篇)等基础生态学内容。这些研究为啄木鸟生物学、生态学积累了一定的基础,但物种覆盖程度还远远不够。在生物多样性急剧丧失的大背景下,亟需开展更为广泛和深入的研究。本研究对全球啄木鸟的濒危格局与研究现状进行了全面的分析,以期为后续啄木鸟的研究与保护工作提供参考。[Objectives]Woodpeckers,important primary cavity excavators and controllers of wood borers,are highly dependent on forests.They are regarded both as umbrella species and indicator species in the forest ecosystem,and have important conservation and ecological-research significance.With a high dependence on forests,woodpecker populations are very sensitive to the changes in forest cover.Since the 20th century,global forest habitats for woodpeckers have been dramatically reduced and fragmented with the widespread changes in land use,threatening the survival and reproduction of this group.This study aimed to explore patterns of extinction risk and research status of woodpeckers and to lay a foundation for further woodpecker conservation and research.[Methods]We searched the IUCN Red List and BirdLife International online database,1988﹣2023,to extract data on global changes in the number of woodpecker species and their threat levels;continent-by-continent numbers of woodpecker species and proportions of threatened species;and the major factors threatening the survival of worldwide woodpeckers.Using Google Scholar and online databases,we also collected and categorized the subjects of woodpecker-related articles.[Results]From 1988 to 2023,the number of threatened woodpecker species has increased each year,some species have increased their threat levels,and population trends have also declined.There are 254 species of woodpeckers worldwide.In the past 33 years,the number of threatened species increased from 7 to 18,and the proportion of species threatened increased from 3.4%to 7.0%(Table 1).Of the 18 threatened woodpecker species,16 experienced population decrease,only 1 threatened species has stable population(Table 2).There are 83 species of woodpeckers in Asia,of which 12.0%are threatened,the highest proportion among all continents.There are 93 species of woodpeckers in South America,of which 6.4%are threatened.There are 56 species of woodpeckers in North America,of which 5.3%are threatened(Table 3).There are curren

关 键 词：保护 濒危 国际鸟盟 IUCN红色名录 研究现状 啄木鸟 致危因素 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]