主链型液晶聚芳酯酰胺的合成、结构与性能研究进展  

Research Progress of Synthesis,Structure,and Performance of Main-chain Liquid Crystalline Aromatic Polyesteramides

作　　者：李亚东 鲍锋 王明良 朱才镇 郑朝晖[2] 丁小斌[2] 徐坚 LI Ya-dong;BAO Feng;WANG Ming-liang;ZHU Cai-zhen;ZHENG Zhao-hui;DING Xiao-bin;XU Jian(College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学化学与环境工程学院,低维材料基因工程研究院,深圳518060 [2]中国科学院成都有机化学研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《高分子通报》2024年第3期281-296,共16页Polymer Bulletin

摘　　要：主链型液晶聚合物(main-chain liquid crystalline polymers,MCLCPs)分子链易取向的特性赋予其优异的性能,在航空、电子等领域具有不可替代的地位。其中芳香族聚酯酰胺(aromatic polyesteramides,APEAs)作为重要的一类,解决了单一化学结构的聚芳酯须在较高温度下加工、聚芳酰胺分子间氢键带来的刚性过大、易吸水等问题,具有可观的应用前景。目前相关研究中的分子链结构与聚合方法繁多,但缺少系统性的梳理。本文按照酯键与酰胺键的生成次序,将APEAs的合成分为同时生成、易生成无规链结构的一步缩聚法与先后分别制备、可得到有规序列的两步缩聚法。另外,不同结构单体的反应特性决定了适用的聚合方法与条件不同,因此本文一并整理了其聚合反应的影响因素。在此基础上,梳理了主链结构与性能的关系,展望未来的发展方向,以期为新型APEAs的合成提供借鉴与参考。Main-chain liquid crystalline polymer(MCLCPs)possess excellent performance due to its readily orientable molecular chain,making it irreplaceable in fields such as aerospace and electronics.Specifically,aromatic polyesteramides(APEAs)address the issues of processing at high temperatures required by both single aromatic polyesters and aromatic polyamides,the excessive rigidity caused by hydrogen bonding between characteristic groups of aromatic polyamides,and susceptibility to water absorption.However,despite the plethora of studies on APEAs’molecular chain structures and synthesis methods,there remains a lack of systematic overview.Based on the order of ester and amide bond formation,the synthesis is categorized into two distinct approaches:one-step condensation method that simultaneously generates bonds,resulting in random chain structures;and two-step condensation method that sequentially produces bonds,yielding ordered sequences.Moreover,the suitability of various monomer structures affects the polymerization methods and conditions,and hence,an assessment of the factors influencing the polymerization reaction is presented.Building upon this foundation,the relationship between main-chain structure and properties is comprehensively reviewed,and future development directions are proposed to provide guidance and references for the synthesis of novel APEAs.

关 键 词：主链型液晶聚合物 聚芳酯酰胺 聚合方法 

分 类 号：TQ323[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]