2018-2022年贵州省流感样病例流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness in Guizhou,2018-2022

作　　者：黄焦 余春[1] 雷明玉[1] 陶忠发 勾云 庄丽[1] 张月 黄艳[1] Huang Jiao;Yu Chun;Lei Mingyu;Tao Zhongfa;Gou Yun;Zhuang Li;Zhang Yue;Huang Yan(Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang 550004,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《疾病监测》2024年第1期32-37,共6页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(No.gzwkj2021-549);贵州省科技厅项目(No.黔科合支撑[2021]一般027)。

摘　　要：目的为了解2018—2022年贵州省流感样病例(ILI)的流行特征,掌握流感病毒的变异变迁情况,为科学防控流感提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2018—2022年贵州省ILI监测数据进行分析。结果2018—2022年贵州省ILI的就诊比例(ILI%)为7.94%,ILI%呈逐年上升趋势。流感流行时间呈冬春季和夏秋季双峰分布。ILI%较高的前3个市(州)分别为黔南州、贵阳市和黔东南州,ILI%最低的为安顺市。5岁以下儿童ILI的占比最高,60岁及以上人群ILI占比最少,不同年龄组ILI的构成差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2018—2022年贵州省ILI流感病毒核酸阳性率为11.37%,五年间不同流感病毒优势毒株交替流行。以月为单位的流感病毒核酸阳性率与ILI%呈正相关关系(P=0.028)。2018—2022年贵州省共报告流感暴发疫情227起,主要发生在中小学校,暴发疫情检出流感病毒类型主要为甲型H3N2、BV和甲型H1N1。结论2018—2022年贵州省ILI%逐年上升,2020年之后流感病毒核酸阳性率先降低后升高,流行毒株发生了改变,发病人群仍主要是学校5岁及以下儿童。需加强学校5岁以下儿童流感的健康宣教和疫苗接种。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness(ILI)in Guizhou province from 2018 to 2022 and the variation of influenza virus,and provide evidence for the effective prevention and control of influenza.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze ILI surveillance data in Guizhou from 2018 to 2022.Results The proportion of ILI medical visits(ILI%)in Guizhou Province during this period was 7.94%,and the ILI%increased year by year.The incidence of influenza showed peaks during winter,-spring and during summer-autumn.The top three prefectures(municipality)with the highest ILI%were Qiannan,Guiyang and Qiandongnan,and the ILI%was lowest in Anshun.Of the ILI cases,the proportion of children under 5 years old was highest,the proportion of people over 60 years old was lowest,and the differences in ILI case proportion among different age groups were significant(P<0.001).The positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid was 11.37%in Guizhou during this period,and the predominant strains of influenza viruses alternated with years.The monthly positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid was positively correlated with the ILI%(P=0.028).A total of 227 of influenza epidemics were reported in Guizhou during this period,and the epidemics mainly occurred in schools,and the main types of influenza viruses causing epidemics were seasonal influenza A(H3N2)virus,influenza B virus Victoria lineage and influenza A(H1N1)virus.Conclusion The ILI%increased year by year in Guizhou from 2018 to 2022.After 2020,the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid decreased first and then increased,the different types of virus spread alternately,and the children under 5 years old were the key affected population.Health education and vaccination in children under 5 years old in schools should be strengthened.

关 键 词：贵州省 流感样病例 流感病毒 暴发疫情 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R183.3