鄂尔多斯桃力庙—阿拉善湾海子的黑颈䴙䴘巢址选择研究  

Nest Site Selection of Black-necked Grebe in Taoli Temple-Alashan Bay Nur in Ordos

作　　者：刘利平 李子腾 杜雨 王瑞平 于向芝 高丽 刘利[2] LIU Liping;LI Ziteng;DU Yu;WANG Ruiping;YU Xiangzhi;GAO Li;LIU Li(Ordos Forestry and Grassland Development Center,Ordos 017000,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,P.R.China;Faculty of Biological Science and Technology,Botou Teachers'College,Baotou 014030,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]鄂尔多斯市林业和草原事业发展中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [2]包头师范学院生物科学与技术学院,内蒙古包头014030

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第1期31-37,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：包头师范学院黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究院科研项目(BSYHY202216);包头师范学院支持地方经济发展项目(2018-10)资助;鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区生境变化对遗鸥影响及湿地恢复成效评估项目(30437020)。

摘　　要：黑颈䴙䴘(Podiceps nigricollis)是国家二级重点保护野生动物。为了保护黑颈䴙䴘,于2022年6月15日至7月15日,在内蒙古鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区内的桃力庙—阿拉善湾海子,开展了针对黑颈䴙䴘巢的野外调查,采用主成分分析方法和Lgistics回归模型,分析了黑颈䴙䴘是否筑巢与巢的隐蔽度、水域的植物盖度、无脊椎动物丰度等8种环境因素的关系。研究结果表明,黑颈䴙䴘主要在不受盛行风影响且隐蔽度较高的浅水区域(水深的平均值为10.56 cm)筑巢,筑巢的主要材料为角果藻(Zannichellia palustris)、水绵(Spirogyra communis)、动物羽毛和植物枝条;有巢样方的黑颈䴙䴘巢的隐蔽度、水域的植物盖度、无脊椎动物丰度都显著大于无巢对照样方(n=20,p<0.01),有巢样方与无巢对照样方是否受盛行风影响因素的值之间的差异显著(χ^(2)=26.302,df=1,p<0.001);水域的植物盖度、无脊椎动物丰度、巢的隐蔽度、是否受盛行风影响是黑颈䴙䴘巢址选择的主要影响因素;为了更好地保护鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区内黑颈䴙䴘的繁殖种群,建议向该保护区持续补水,以维持水环境稳定和水生植物的盖度,并对补水源进行长期监测,以确保水质;提高水中无脊椎动物的丰度,为黑颈䴙䴘和其他繁殖鸟类提供充足的食物;建议在湖心岛南侧沿岸合理种植植物,在黑颈䴙䴘筑巢的区域建设三面土坝围挡,在提高黑颈䴙䴘巢的隐蔽度的同时,还能减少盛行风对黑颈䴙䴘巢的影响。The Black-necked Grebe(Podiceps nigricollis)is a national second-class protected bird in China.In the present study,the nest sites of the Black-necked Grebe in Ordos Relict Gull National Nature Reserve were investigated from June to July,2022 to protect them.A principal component analysis method and logistics regression model were used to analyze the relationship between nest site selection and 8 habitat factors,including concealment of the nest,plant coverage in the area,and the abundance of invertebrates surrounding the nest site.The results revealed that the black-necked grebe mainly nested in shallow water areas(water depth was 10.56 cm)with a higher degree of concealment that were not affected by the prevailing wind.The main nest materials were Zannichelia palustris,Spirogyra communs,animal feathers and plant branches.The concealment,plant coverage and invertebrate abundance of the black-necked grebe nest site quadrat(n=20)were significantly higher than those of the control quadrat(n=20,p<0.01).There was a significant difference between the nested and control quadrat on the factors of whether they were affected by the prevailing wind(χ^(2)=26.302,df=1,p<0.001).These results indicated that plant coverage,invertebrate abundance,concealment of the nest,and whether affected by the prevailing wind were the main factors affecting the nesting of black-necked grebe.In order to better protect the breeding population of black necked grebe in the Ordos Relict Gull National Nature Reserve,it is recommended to continuously replenish water to maintain the stability of the water environment and the coverage of aquatic plants in the reserve,and to conduct long-term monitoring of the replenishment source to ensure water quality.Increasing the abundance of invertebrates in the water to provide sufficient food for black necked grebes and other breeding birds.In addition,plants should be reasonably planted on the south bank of the island in the center of the lake,and construct a three sided earth dam enclosure in the area wher

关 键 词：黑颈䴙䴘 巢址选择 桃力庙—阿拉善湾海子 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]