江苏南京长江新济洲国家湿地公园的维管植物物种组成与群丛特征  

Species Composition and Association Characteristics of Vascular Plants in Jiangsu Nanjing Yangtze River Xinjizhou National Wetland Park

作　　者：王丹丹[1] 王艳梅 王丹[1] 谢智翔 张军 李全文 曹培培 陈斌[1] WANG Dandan;WANG Yanmei;WANG Dan;XIE Zhixiang;ZHANG Jun;LI Quanwen;CAO Peipei;CHEN Bin(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,P.R.China;Nanjing Jiangning Forestry Station,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu,P.R.China;Management Center of Nanjing Yangtze River Xinjizhou National Wetland Park,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu,P.R.China;Nanjing Puhou Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210034,Jiangsu,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生态与环境学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]南京市江宁区林业站,江苏南京211100 [3]南京长江新济洲国家湿地公园管理中心,江苏南京211100 [4]南京朴厚生态科技有限公司,江苏南京210034

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第1期106-119,共14页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071526);江苏高校“青蓝工程”项目;江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)资助。

摘　　要：于2021年春季和夏季,在江苏南京长江新济洲国家湿地公园中,开展了野外植物调查,以了解维管植物的物种组成和群丛特征。采用样线和样方法,对该湿地公园的岛内河渠、岛内库塘、洪泛江滩、草本沼泽、森林沼泽、林地、草地和撂荒地中的植物开展调查,研究维管植物的物种组成和区系特征。研究结果表明,在该湿地公园中,记录了105科296属437种维管植物,其中有56种外来物种和8种受保护植物,禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)和蔷薇科(Rosaceae)的物种数量都≥20种,单种属占总属数的近四分之三;在437种维管植物中,有335种草本植物(占总物种数量的76.66%),有95种典型木本植物(占21.74%),还有5种木质藤本(占1.14%)和2种竹类植物(占0.46%);有水生植物48种(占10.98%),有湿生植物138种(占31.58%),有中生植物251种(占57.44%);在科的区系组成中,世界广布科(45科)占优势,有37科为热带分布科,有22科为温带分布科;在属的区系组成中,温带分布属(126属)占优势,热带分布属(110属)次之,有58属为世界广布属,中国特有属仅为银杏属(Ginkgo)和水杉属(Metasequoia);春季,有18种主要植物群丛,其中,救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa)+芦苇(Phragmites australis)+薹草(Carex sp.)群丛的物种数量最多、分布最广,而风花菜(Rorippa globosa)+野老鹳草(Geranium carolinianum)群丛和野老鹳草+益母草(Leonurus artemisia)群丛的多样性指数值较大;夏季,有23种主要植物群丛,其中,稗草(Echinochloa sp.)+芦苇+狗尾草(Setaria viridis)群丛的物种数量最多,其和落羽杉(Taxodium distichum)林、狗尾草+狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)+小蓬草(Erigeron canadensis)群丛的多样性指数值都较大。江苏南京长江新济洲国家湿地公园中的维管植物物种丰富,但是外来物种所占比例偏大,而水生植物的物种数量较少,植物群丛具有明显的季节变化。In the spring and summer of 2021,vegetation surveys were conducted to assess the vascular plant species composition and association characteristics in Jiangsu Nanjing Yangtze River Xinjizhou National Wetland Park.Using the line transect and quadrat methods,vascular plant species composition,floral composition and community diversity were investigated in typical habitats of the park,including small rivers,ponds and lakes in the islands,Yangtze River floodplain,swamp forests,herbaceous marshes,meadows,old fields and terrestrial forests.The results showed that there were a total of 437 vascular species belonging to 296 genera of 105 families,including 55 invasive species and 8 state-protected ones.Five families including Gramineae,Asteraceae,Cyperaceae,Fabaceae and Rosaceae had above or equal 20 species records.Nearly three quarters of the genera only had one-species record.Herbaceous plants,woody plants,lianas and bamboos respectively accounted for 76.66%,21.74%,1.14%and 0.46%of the species pool.Mesophytes,hygrophytes and hydrophytes respectively accounted for 57.44%,31.58%and 10.98%of the pool.Cosmopolitan type was the major floral component at the family level,whereas temperate and tropical areal types were the major components at the genus level.In spring,there were 18 major association types,among which Vicia sativa+Carex sp.+Phragmites australis association had the highest species abundance and the most diverse habitat types,and Rorippa globose+Geranium carolinianum and Geranium carolinianum+Leonurus artemisia associations had the highest species diversity indices.In summer,there were 23 major association types,among which Echinochloa sp.+Phragmites australis+Setaria viridis association had the highest species abundance,and together with Taxodium distichum forest and Setaria viridis+Cynodon dactylon+Conyza canadensis association they had the highest species diversity indices.In conclusion,Xinjizhou Wetland Park had a high level of vascular plant species diversity and a diverse floral composition,however with a

关 键 词：维管植物 植物群丛 湿地公园 新济洲 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]