不同降水年型下耕作方式结合覆盖对旱地土壤物理性质和马铃薯产量的影响  

Influence of tillage methods combined with mulching on soil physical properties and potato yield in dry farming area under different precipitation years

作　　者：马晓明 李丹[1] 雷佳 于婕 王楠 侯贤清[1] 魏娜 李荣[1] MA Xiaoming;LI Dan;LEI Jia;YU Jie;WANG Nan;HOU Xianqing;WEI Na;LI Rong(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Haonong Family Farm in Yuanzhou District,Guyuan City,Guyuan 756000,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]固原市原州区昊农家庭农场,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第2期447-456,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160515,31860362);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03150,2023AAC03149);原州区2022年科技研发计划项目资助。

摘　　要：2018—2021年连续3年在宁夏南部旱作区开展大田定位试验,设置4种耕作方式(翻耕15 cm、深松30 cm、深松40 cm、深松50 cm)和3种覆盖措施(燕麦秸秆覆盖、塑料地膜覆盖、不覆盖),以翻耕15 cm不覆盖处理为对照,探讨不同降水年型下耕作方式结合覆盖对旱地土壤容重、团聚体含量、生育期土壤蓄水量和马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明:与试验处理前相比,3年耕作结合覆盖均能有效降低0~60 cm土层土壤容重;同一耕作方式下,不同降水年型均以秸秆覆盖最佳;丰水年20、40 cm土层以深松30 cm覆盖秸秆处理最佳,60 cm土层以翻耕15 cm覆盖秸秆处理最佳,平水年和枯水年20、40、60 cm土层均以深松40 cm覆盖秸秆处理最佳。在0~20 cm土层,>0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量3年均以深松40 cm覆盖秸秆处理最高;20~40 cm土层,丰水年以翻耕15 cm覆盖秸秆处理最高,平水年和枯水年以深松40 cm覆盖秸秆处理最高;在40~60 cm土层,丰水年、平水年、枯水年分别以翻耕15 cm覆盖地膜处理、深松30 cm覆盖地膜处理、深松30 cm覆盖秸秆处理最高,较对照分别显著提高18.8%、27.0%、35.8%。马铃薯关键生育期(现蕾至块茎膨大期)0~100 cm土层土壤蓄水量,丰水年以深松30 cm覆盖秸秆处理最佳,平水年和枯水年均以深松40 cm覆盖秸秆处理最佳,较对照分别显著提高19.4%、19.5%、23.7%。对于马铃薯产量,丰水年以深松30 cm覆盖秸秆处理最佳,平水年和枯水年均以深松40 cm覆盖秸秆处理最佳,较对照分别显著提高84.6%、81.7%、106.3%。相关性分析表明,土壤物理性质的改善可显著影响马铃薯产量,其中以土壤容重和现蕾期土壤蓄水量作用最显著;对不同降水年型下马铃薯产量与耕作深度间关系进行拟合发现,耕作深度为34.67~36.03 cm时,马铃薯可获得高产。可见,耕作方式结合覆盖可有效改善土壤物理性质,增加马铃薯生育期土壤蓄水量,从而显著提高产量,�We conducted a field experiment in the dry farming area in south Ningxia from 2018 to 2021,to explore the influence of tillage methods combined with mulching on soil bulk density,aggregate content,soil water storage and potato yield under different precipitation years.There were four tillage methods(15 cm depth ploughing,and 30 cm,40 cm and 50 cm depth subsoiling)and three mulching measures(mulching with oat straw,plastic film and no mulching),with the ploughing depth of 15 cm without mulching as control.The results showed the combina⁃tion of tillage and mulching effectively reduced soil bulk density in 0-60 cm layer after three years of farming com⁃pared with that prior to the experiment.Under the same tillage mode,the best effect was achieved in mulching with oat straw under different precipitation years.To be specific,the best effect in 20 cm and 40 cm soil layers was achieved in mulching with oat straw for 30 cm depth subsoiling,in 60 cm soil layer for 15 cm ploughing in wet year,and for 40 cm depth subsoiling in 20 cm,40 cm and 60 cm soil layers in normal and dry years.In 0-20 cm soil layer,the content of>0.25 mm soil aggregate was the highest for 40 cm depth subsoiling with oat straw mul⁃ching in all the three years.In 20-40 cm soil layer,the content was the highest for 15 cm depth ploughing with oat straw mulching in wet year,and for 40 cm depth subsoiling with oat straw mulching in normal and dry years.In 40-60 cm soil layer,content was the highest for 15 cm depth ploughing with plastic film mulching,30 cm depth subsoiling with plastic film mulching,and 30 cm depth subsoiling with oat straw mulching in wet,normal and dry years,which was increased by 18.8%,27.0%,and 35.8%,respectively,compared with the control.In the key growth stage(from squaring to tuber expansion)of potatoes,soil water storage in 0-100 cm layer was optimal for 30 cm depth subsoiling with oat straw mulching in wet year and for 40 cm depth subsoiling with oat straw mulching in normal and dry years,with an increase of 19.4%,19.5%,and

关 键 词：降水年型 耕作方式 覆盖 土壤物理性质 马铃薯产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S152