农业灌溉和施肥在陆面过程模型中的参数化方法研究进展  

Research progress in parameterizing irrigation and fertilization in land surface model

作　　者：王菲 周梓涵 韩冬锐 王猛[1] 魏清岗 骆秀斌 高瑞[1] 张卓然 方经春 WANG Fei;ZHOU Zihan;HAN Dongrui;WANG Meng;WEI Qinggang;LUO Xiubin;GAO Rui;ZHANG Zhuoran;FANG Jingchun(Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250010,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业信息与经济研究所,济南250010 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第2期543-554,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022QD034,ZR2022QD081);山东省农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CXGC2023D02)资助。

摘　　要：全球气候变化和人口激增背景下,灌溉和施肥成为保证粮食产量的重要途径,同时也深刻改变着陆地生态系统水循环、能量流动和物质循环过程。在陆面过程模型(LSM)中耦合灌溉和施肥方案对清晰把握陆⁃气相互作用、保障全球粮食安全有重要意义。本文分别回顾了灌溉和施肥(氮肥)在LSM参数化过程中的3个关键参量(方式、用量和时间)的表达方法,指出了当前受到灌溉和施肥关键参量高时空分辨率数据匮乏的影响,LSM中的灌溉和施肥方案与实际农业生产方式有所偏离,难以充分反映灌溉和施肥对粮食产量、生态环境和局部气候的影响。最后,提出了LSM中灌溉和施肥方案的未来优化方向:1)考虑作物间的水分需求差异,对灌溉阈值进行差异化设置,正确评估不同作物的水资源消耗总量和强度;2)充分利用施肥灌溉的地面观测记录和日益丰富的区域格网数据,发展更加贴合实际农业操作的参数化方案,准确揭示灌溉和施肥的经济、生态和气候等效应;3)综合作物类型、物候阶段、土壤基础肥力等因素,发展施肥诊断方案作为模型的补充方案,提升模型在氮肥数据匮乏地区的应用性和模拟准确性。Under the context of global climate change and growing population,irrigation and fertilization have become important ways to ensure food production,with consequences on water cycling,energy flow,and materials cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.In the land surface model(LSM),coupling irrigation and fertilization schemes are of great importance for clearly understanding the land⁃atmosphere interactions to ensure food security.We reviewed the expression methods of three key parameters,namely,the applied method,usage,and time in the parameteriza⁃tion process of irrigation and fertilization(nitrogen fertilizer)in LSM.We found that the ways to irrigate and ferti⁃lize in LSM are different from the ways used in actual practice due to the limitation of the high resolution of spatio⁃temporal data,which makes it difficult to understand the actual influences of irrigation and fertilization on grain yield,environment,and local climate.Finally,we proposed future works:1)taking the differences of crop water demand into account and making the different irrigation thresholds for different crops to properly evaluate the total and intensity of water consumption of different crops;2)using the field records and the regional grid data of fertili⁃zation and irrigation developed in recent years to develop parameterized schemes that are more in line with actual agricultural operations,which can accurately reveal their economic,ecological,and climatic effects;3)developing fertilization diagnosis scheme considering crop type,phenological stage,and soil basic fertility as the supplementary scheme in LSM,to improve the applicability and simulation accuracy of LSM in the areas without nitrogen fertilizer data.

关 键 词：陆面过程模型 灌溉 氮肥 参数化方案 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]