不同火控制政策下森林可燃物处理对大兴安岭林火情势的影响  

Effects of fuel treatments on forest fire regimes under different fire control policies in the Great Xing’an Mountains

作　　者：贺涵 常禹[1] 刘志华[1] 熊在平[1] 布仁仓[1] HE Han;CHANG Yu;LIU Zhihua;XIONG Zaiping;BU Rencang(CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室,中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第2期305-313,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971483);国家重点研发项目(2018YFE0207800)资助

摘　　要：随着气候变暖,近年来灾难性森林火灾频发,给森林资源和人们的生命财产造成重大威胁,如何降低森林火险是森林管理中需要面对的热点问题。本研究利用空间直观森林景观模型LANDIS模拟大兴安岭森林可燃物处理对林火情势的影响。根据两种火控制政策(现行灭火和不灭火)下是否进行可燃物处理,设计了4种模拟预案,其中可燃物处理预案包含9种可燃物处理方案,对应不同的可燃物处理方法(粗可燃物物去除、计划火烧、粗可燃物去除+计划火烧)、处理频率(低、中、高)和处理面积(大、中、小)。通过对火烧面积、不同强度火烧面积等进行评价,最终确定适合大兴安岭地区的森林管理方案。结果表明:长期灭火,使森林可燃物大量堆积,发生高强度火灾概率增加;在两种火控制政策下进行森林可燃物处理都可以减少高强度林火的面积,从而降低森林火险,但是,由于两种火控制政策下粗、细可燃物累积情况不同,在自然火情景下,频发的森林火灾导致细可燃物累积量少,每20年对10%的面积进行粗可燃物去除即可有效降低森林火险,但此处理方案在灭火情景下效果较差;最终确定适合于大兴安岭地区的森林管理方案为每20年对10%的面积进行一次粗可燃物去除+计划火烧处理,并继续实施灭火政策。本研究可以为大兴安岭地区的林火管理提供科学依据。Climate warming has increased the frequency of catastrophic forest fires,threatening forest resources and human being’s lives and properties.How to reduce the risk of forest fire has been a hot topic in forest management.In this study,we used the spatially explicit forest landscape model LANDIS to simulate the effects of fuel treatment strategies on forest fire regimes in the Great Xing’an Mountains.Four simulation scenarios were designed based on with or without fuel treatments under two fire control policies(current fire suppression and no fire suppression).The fuel treatment scenario contained nine fuel treatment options based on combinations of different treatment methods(coarse woody debris removal,prescribed burning,coarse woody debris removal plus prescribed burning),treatment frequency(low,medium and high)and treatment area(large,medium and small).Using burned area and the area burned by different fire intensities as evaluation criteria,a suitable forest fuel management plan was determined for Great Xing’an Mountains.The results showed that long-term fire suppression has increased fuel accumulation and the occurrence probability of high intensity forest fires.Under both fire control policies,forest fuel treatments could reduce area burned by high intensity fires and lower forest fire risk.Under natural fire scenarios,frequent forest fires result in a lower accumulation of fine fuels.A coarse woody debris removal of 10%of the area every 20 years is sufficient to lower forest fire risk.However,such treatment scenario is less effective under current fire suppression scenarios due to accumulation of forest fuels.Our study showed that coarse woody debris removal+prescribed burning on 10%of the area every 20 years would be a suitable fuel treatment option in Great Xing’an Mountains under current fire suppression policy.This study provides a scientific basis for forest fire management in the Great Xing’an Mountains.

关 键 词：灭火 可燃物处理 LANDIS模型 大兴安岭 火势 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]