林火对云南松林地表可燃物负荷量及区域碳排放量的影响  

Effects of forest fire on surface fuel loading and regional carbon emission of Pinus yunnanensis forest

作　　者：索奥丽 杜建华 高钰 王忆文 陈锋[1,3] 刘晓东 SUO Aoli;DU Jianhua;GAO Yu;WANG Yiwen;CHEN Feng;LIU Xiaodong(Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Ecosystem Processes,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Forest Fire Prevention Early Warning and Monitor Center of Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 100054,China;Key Laboratory of Forest and Grassland Fire Risk Prevention of Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学森林资源生态系统过程北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [2]应急管理部森林防火预警监测信息中心,北京100054 [3]森林草原火灾风险防控应急管理部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第2期325-332,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1511605)资助。

摘　　要：云南松是我国西南林区典型易燃针叶树,研究林火对云南松林地表可燃物负荷量及火烧后碳排放量的影响,对可燃物管理及区域碳平衡维持提供科学依据。本研究以四川省西昌市2020年3月30日云南松林火烧迹地为对象,设置不同火烧强度(轻度、中度、重度)和对照(未火烧)样地,分析不同火烧强度下地表可燃物负荷量的变化以及地表可燃物负荷量与环境因子之间的相关关系,通过乔木层、凋落物层及地表有机质层可燃物负荷量损失程度计算可燃物燃烧效率,进而计算不同组分可燃物的碳排放量。结果表明:(1)不同火烧强度下云南松林各类型地表可燃物负荷量均存在显著差异(P<0.05),地表可燃物总负荷量具体表现为:重度火烧(50.94 t·hm^(-2))>对照样地(41.08 t·hm^(-2))>中度火烧(37.40 t·hm^(-2))>轻度火烧(28.83 t·hm^(-2));(2)冗余分析结果表明,林分因子中,烧死木百分比、熏黑高度与树高的比值对灌木和草本可燃物负荷量的解释量较大;地形因子中,坡向对地表可燃物负荷量的解释量大于坡度和海拔;(3)云南松林乔木层、凋落物层、地表有机质层可燃物碳排放量在不同火烧强度样地间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),碳排放量分别为23451.30、8322.86、5244.74 t,此次森林火灾碳排放量为37018.90 t。Pinus yunnanensis is a typical flammable coniferous species in forest areas of southwest China.Understanding the effects of forest fire on surface fuel loading and post-fire carbon emissions in P.yunnanensis forests can provide a scientific basis for fire fuel management and the maintenance of regional carbon balance.A forest fire occurred in Xichang,Sichuan Province on March 30,2020.We established plots with different fire intensities(light,moderate,high)and control(unburned)in a P.yunnanensis forest area.We analyzed the variations of surface fuel loadings under different fire intensities and the correlation between surface fuel loadings and environmental factors.The carbon emissions of different components of fuels were obtained by calculating the combustion efficiency of fuels by the degree of loss of fuel loadings in the arbor layer,litter layer,and surface organic matter layer.The results showed that:(1)There were significant differences in the surface fuel loadings of different types under different fire intensities(P<0.05),and the total surface fuel loadings were as follows:high fire intensity(50.94 t·hm^(-2))>control plot(41.08 t·hm^(-2))>moderate fire intensity(37.40 t·hm^(-2))>light fire intensity(28.83 t·hm^(-2)).(2)The results of redundancy analysis showed that among the stand factors,burned wood percentage and the ratio of blackened height to tree height had a greater explanation of the shrub and herb loadings.Among the topographic factors,slope direction explained more variations of the surface fuel loadings than slope and altitude.(3)There were significant differences in carbon emissions from arbor layer,litter layer,and surface organic matter layer among different fire intensity plots(P<0.05),and the carbon emissions were 23451.30,8322.86,and 5244.74 t,respectively.The total carbon emissions of this forest fire were 37018.90 t.

关 键 词：火烧强度 云南松 可燃物负荷量 碳排放量 冗余分析 

分 类 号：S762.1[农业科学—森林保护学]