林火对长白落叶松林群落物种组成及结构特征的短期影响  

Short-term effects of forest fire on the species composition and community structure of Larix olgensis forest

作　　者：贾翔 金慧 王超 赵莹 秦立武 邴贵平 王润林 陈庆红 尹航 JIA Xiang;JIN Hui;WANG Chao;ZHAO Ying;QIN Liwu;BING Guiping;WANG Runlin;CHEN Qinghong;YIN Hang(Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Bioconensis and Biodiversity,Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences,Yanbian 133613,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]长白山科学研究院,长白山生物群落与生物多样性吉林省联合重点实验室,吉林延边133613

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第2期352-361,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：2022年度中央财政国家级自然保护区补助资金项目资助。

摘　　要：本研究对长白山自然保护区长白落叶松林火烧迹地植物群落进行了两期调查,以明确林火干扰对该群落物种组成、径级结构及优势树种空间分布格局的短期影响。结果表明:(1)未受林火干扰的对照林分有14个乔木树种,火烧1年后的长白落叶松林有6个乔木树种,火烧4年后仅剩下4种。(2)未受林火干扰林分的群落径级结构呈偏倒“J”型分布,而火烧迹地均大致呈正态分布。不同径级优势种(长白落叶松和白桦)的抗火干扰能力表现出相似规律,都为大径级>中径级>小径级。(3)未受林火干扰林分中,各径级长白落叶松和白桦在0~25 m尺度上均基本表现为随机分布。而林火干扰1年后的长白落叶松的小径级(DBH<11 cm)在小尺度(r<12 m)上表现为聚集分布,在大尺度上(12 m<r<25 m)表现为随机分布;中径级(11 cm≤DBH<21 cm)在0~25 m尺度上表现为聚集分布,大径级(DBH≥21 cm)则表现为随机分布;而白桦的中、大径级在0~25 m尺度上均表现为随机分布。林火干扰4年后,长白落叶松小径级和大径级的空间分布格局与火烧1年后分布格局相似,而中径级则在小尺度上表现为聚集分布,在大尺度上表现为随机分布;白桦的中径级基本呈聚集分布。本研究探明了火干扰后长白落叶松林的短期动态变化,为区域森林恢复与管理提供了指导意义。We investigated plant community for twice in a burnt area of Larix olgensis forest in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve,to clarify the short-term impacts of forest fire on species composition,diameter class structure,and spatial distribution pattern of dominant species.The results showed that:(1)there were 14 tree species in the undisturbed plots,while 6 species was observed after 1 year of fire disturbance,and only 4 species were found after 4 years of fire disturbance.(2)The diameter class structure of the undisturbed plots showed an inverted“J”form,while the disturbed plots showed a normal distribution pattern.The fire resistance of dominant species(Larix olgensis and Betula platyphylla)of different diameter classes showed similar patterns,i.e.,large diameter class>medium diameter class>small diameter class.(3)In the undisturbed plots,each diameter class of larch and birch showed a random distribution on the 0-25 m scale.However,the small diameter class(DBH<11 cm)of larch after 1 year of fire disturbance showed an aggregated distribution on small scale(r<12 m)and a random distribution on a large scale(12 m<r<25 m).The medium diameter class(11 cm≤DBH<21 cm)showed an aggregated distribution at 0-251.m scale,and the large diameter class(DBH≥21 cm)showed a random distribution pattern.The medium and large diameter classes of birch were randomly distributed at the 0-25 m scale.After 4 years of fire disturbance,the spatial distribution pattern of small diameter class and large diameter class of larch was similar to that after 1 year of disturbance,while the middle diameter class showed a clustered distribution on a small scale and a random distribution on a large scale.The medium diameter class of birch basically showed an aggregated distribution.Our results revealed the short-term dynamics of Larix olgensis forest after fire disturbance,providing guidance for regional forest restoration and management.

关 键 词：长白落叶松林 火烧迹地 重要值 径级结构 点格局分析 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]