地下滴灌对冬小麦-夏玉米根系吸水特征的影响  

Effects of subsurface drip irrigation on root water uptake of winter wheat and summer maize

作　　者：杨明达 张素瑜 杨慎骄[3,4] 关小康 李帅 陈金平 王同朝[2] YANG Mingda;ZHANG Suyu;YANG Shenjiao;GUAN Xiaokang;LI Shuai;CHEN Jinping;WANG Tongchao(Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China;Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,Henan,China;National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000 [2]河南农业大学农学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心,郑州450046 [3]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [4]河南商丘农田生态国家野外科学观测研究站,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第2期469-479,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301106);国家自然科学基金项目(31871553);河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开放课题(FIRI2021040102)资助。

摘　　要：了解根系吸水模式对缺水地区发展高效的灌溉管理措施至关重要。大多数估算根系吸水的模型或传统方法都需要对根系形态有详细的了解,而这很难在原位条件下获得。本研究借助Insentek水分监测仪来估算地下滴灌条件下冬小麦-夏玉米的根系吸水特征。试验于2018—2019年在防雨棚下测坑内进行,地下滴灌灌溉量分别为作物蒸发蒸散量(ETc)的0.4、0.8、1.0和1.2倍,记为0.4ETc、0.8ETc、1.0ETc和1.2ETc,并设置地面灌溉处理为对照(CK)。结果表明:土壤上层(20~50 cm)和下层(60~100 cm)根系对水分的吸收存在互补效应;除0.4ETc外,灌溉后,下层土壤根系吸水速率降低;在各灌溉周期的后期,当上层根系吸水速率降低时,下层根系吸水速率表现为增强趋势;与CK处理相比,1.0ETc处理的根系吸水速率波动幅度较小,其冬小麦和夏玉米产量分别增加7.4%和15.3%;与1.0ETc处理相比,0.8ETc处理主要降低了冬小麦灌浆前期和夏玉米灌浆后期的测定间隔累计根系吸水量,最终,0.8ETc处理冬小麦的产量增加12.7%,而夏玉米产量没有显著降低;与1.0ETc处理相比,0.8ETc处理的水分利用效率显著增加。综上,地下滴灌适度亏缺灌溉(0.8ETc)能增强深层土壤根系吸水能力,提高冬小麦的产量及冬小麦-夏玉米水分利用效率,是一种有效的高产节水灌溉策略。Understanding root water uptake pattern is essential to developing efficient irrigation management practices in water-limited regions.Most models or traditional methods for estimating root water uptake need a detailed knowledge of root morphology,which is difficult to obtain in situ.The Insentek sensor-based approach was used to estimate root water uptake patterns under subsurface drip irrigation.A test-pit experiment under a rain-proof shelter was conducted in 2018-2019 with four subsurface drip irrigation amounts,i.e.0.4,0.8,1.0,and 1.2 of crop evaporation(ETc)respectively,and surface irrigation being the control(CK).There was a complementary effect between the root water uptake in the upper(20-50 cm)and lower(60-100 cm)soil layers.Root water uptake rate in the lower soil layers reduced when the upper soil layer replenished by irrigation water,except for the treatment of 0.4ETc.Root water uptake rate was enhanced in the lower soil layers during late irrigation intervals,but was reduced in the upper soil layers.Compared with CK,1.0ETc fluctuated small in root water uptake rate,and increased the yield of winter wheat and summer maize by 7.4%and 15.3%,respectively.0.8ETc mainly reduced cumulative root water uptake in early filling stage of winter wheat and late filling stage of summer maize as compared to 1.0ETc,and increased the yield of winter wheat by 12.7%with no significant decrease in summer maize yield.A significant increase in water use efficiency of wheat and maize was observed in 0.8ETc.It is concluded that appropriate deficit subsurface drip irrigation(0.8ETc)should be considered for water conservation.

关 键 词：根系吸水速率 灌溉方式 累计根系吸水量 产量 水分利用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512.11S275.6