长期施用化肥对红壤磷形态、磷酸酶活性及phoD基因丰度和多样性的影响  

Effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on soil phosphorus forms,phosphatase activity and bacterial phoD gene abundance and diversity in red soil

作　　者：黄文晶 姜楠 陈晓冬 孙楠[5] 徐明岗[5] 陈振华[1] 张玉兰[1] 陈利军[1] HUANG Wenjing;JIANG Nan;CHEN Xiaodong;SUN Nan;XU Minggang;CHEN Zhenhua;ZHANG Yulan;CHEN Lijun(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Shenyang Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station,Shenyang 110107,China;Key Lab of Conservation Tillage&Ecological Agriculture,Liaoning Province,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,沈阳110107 [3]辽宁省现代保护性耕作与生态农业重点实验室,沈阳110016 [4]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,杭州310021 [5]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第2期487-493,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471217);黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28090300);辽宁省现代保护性耕作研发与应用高水平创新创业团队(XLYC2008015)资助。

摘　　要：以湖南省祁阳县的国家红壤肥力与肥料效益长期试验地为平台,采用单施氮肥(N)、氮钾配施(NK)、氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷钾配施(NPK)4种不同组合的无机肥料添加方式,结合实时定量PCR和高通量测序技术,探究长期施用化肥对土壤磷形态、磷酸酶活性及phoD基因丰度和多样性的影响。结果表明:与单施氮肥处理相比,氮与磷、钾配施可以缓解土壤酸化趋势,氮磷配施能够显著增加土壤中各形态磷含量。与单施氮肥处理相比,氮磷、氮钾处理显著提高了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、土壤总细菌丰度及phoD基因丰度;氮磷钾配施显著提高了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和土壤总细菌丰度,但显著降低土壤phoD基因丰度。磷酸酶编码基因phoD基因群落的α-与β-多样性在处理间不存在显著差异,且所有处理中来源于假单胞菌属与紫色杆菌属的phoD基因分别超过总序列的45%。此外,链霉菌属、马赛菌属以及短波单胞菌属与土壤磷素存在显著的正相关关系。以上结果表明:在不同养分输入条件下,调节功能菌群丰度及磷酸酶活性的关键因素不同。氮磷钾的合理配施能够增加土壤磷含量和磷酸酶活性,改变phoD基因丰度和群落结构,提高土壤的供磷能力,但长期施用化肥会使土壤微生物物种趋于单一化。This study was conducted at the national long-term experimental site of red soil fertility and fertilizer benefit in the Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station,Hunan Province.There were four fertilization treatments:nitrogen fertilizer(N),NK fertilizer(NK),NP fertilizer(NP),NPK fertilizer(NPK).The effects of long-term applications of chemical fertilizers on soil P forms,phosphatase activity,and bacterial phoD gene abundance and diversity in red soils were examined using real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing.Results showed that compared with N fertilizer only,N combined with P or K could retard soil acidification,and N combined with P could significantly increase the contents of all soil P forms.Furthermore,NP and NK treatments significantly increased soil alkaline phosphatase activity and the abundance of soil total bacteria and phoD gene com-pared with N treatment.Similarly,NPK treatment significantly increased soil alkaline phosphatase activity and soil total bacterial abundance,but decreased soil phoD gene abundance.However,bothα-andβ-diversity of phoD gene communities was similar across all the treatments.More than 45%of phoD gene originated from Pseudomonas and Janthinobacterium in all the treatments,respectively.Furthermore,there were significantly positive correlations between the relative abundance of Streptomyces,Massilia,Brevundimonas and the contents of soil P forms.Our findings indicated that the critical factors regulating functional bacterial abundance and phosphatase activity were distinct under different nutrient input conditions.Rational fertilization of NPK could increase soil P content and phosphatase activity and change phoD gene abundance and community structure,which could improve soil P supply.However,long-term application of chemical fertilizers caused simplification of soil microbial community.

关 键 词：化肥 高通量测序 磷 磷酸酶 phoD基因丰度和多样性 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S154[农业科学—农业基础科学]