配比施肥对槟榔幼苗肥料利用率及养分协同效应的影响  

Effects of Fertilization Ratio on Fertilizer Uptake and Nutrient Syn-ergy of Areca catechu Seedlings

作　　者：降佳君 温欣宇 辛晓栋 王玲[1] 杨国斌 王朝弼 杨福孙[1] JIANG Jiajun;WEN Xinyu;XIN Xiaodong;WANG Ling;YANG Guobin;WANG Chaobi;YANG Fusun(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Hainan Soil and Fertilizer Station,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228 [2]海南省土壤肥料总站,海南海口570203

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第2期315-322,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省教育厅高等学校科学研究项目(No.Hnky2019ZD-7);海南省槟榔现代农业产业技术体系项目(No.HNARS2022-1-G3);海南省土壤肥料总站项目(No.zzzz002017038)。

摘　　要：为了明确N、P、K肥对槟榔幼苗生长及营养吸收与利用的影响,从而确定合理的槟榔幼苗施肥技术。以槟榔幼苗为对象,采用“3414”肥料配比田间盆栽试验,测定不同施肥处理对槟榔幼苗营养吸收与分布及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥提高了槟榔幼苗的生物量和肥料利用率;在氮磷钾平衡施肥时,氮肥和磷肥相对利用率达到最大;在不施磷肥,氮钾平衡施肥时,钾肥相对利用率达到最大;(2)槟榔幼苗地上部氮养分积累量是影响其生物量的主要因子,地下部磷养分积累量是影响其生物量的主要因子;(3)相关性分析与通径分析表明,氮与磷可协同促进槟榔幼苗生物量的增长,但会受到施钾量及钾肥相对利用率的制衡,3种元素协同促进植株生物量增长。因此氮肥和磷肥的相对利用率是槟榔幼苗施肥的关键指标。综上,氮磷钾配比施肥有利于槟榔幼苗的营养吸收和利用,以N∶P∶K=2∶2∶2(T6)配比施用效果较好。In order to explore the effects of N,P and K fertilizers on the growth and nutrient uptake of areca nut seedlings and provide a scientific fertilizer application in field management,areca nut seedlings were used to conduct the“3414”fertilizer ratio in pots at the greenhouse.Fertilization significantly increased biomass and fertilizer utilization of areca nut seedlings.In balanced nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization,N and P fertilizers had the maximum utilization.Balanced nitrogen and potassium fertilization without phosphate fertilizer,K fertilizers had the maximum utilization.The N content was the main factor affecting the stem and leaf biomass,while the P content was the main factor affecting root biomass.Correlation and path analysis indicated that N and P could synergistically improve the growth of areca nut seed-lings,but they were affected by the application of K fertilizer.However,N,P and K fertilizers could reach balance and synergy to improve the growth of seedlings.In conclusion,N,P and K fertilizers in a rational proportion was beneficial for the nutrient uptake and utilization of areca nut seedlings,and NPK=222(T∶∶∶∶6)was the most suitable fertilization ratio.

关 键 词：槟榔 氮磷钾施肥 肥料利用率 生理特性 

分 类 号：S792.91[农业科学—林木遗传育种]