自然保护地社区生计保护兼容性评价  

Assessment of conservation⁃compatibility of livelihood for protected area communities

作　　者：何思源 王博杰 闵庆文[1,2] HE Siyuan;WANG Bojie;MIN Qingwen(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《国家公园（中英文）》2024年第1期7-19,共13页Natinonal Park

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42371301,42001194);国家林业和草原局国家公园传统产业转型发展专题研究(JYCL-2020-00039)。

摘　　要：自然保护地内及其周边社区生计活动关乎生态保护成效,推动保护兼容性生计成为协同保护与发展的可行路径。针对保护兼容性生计所强调的土地的多元价值及其在保护管理下生态、文化向经济价值的转换,探索开展自然保护地社区生计活动保护兼容性评价,衡量其在与保护目标的协同性和保障社区生计可持续的程度。研究在保护兼容性生计理论体系基础上,通过比较视角阐释社区生计保护兼容性的内涵,进一步整合文化生态学、社会-生态系统理论与可持续生计框架构建生计活动保护兼容性快速评价指标体系,形成生态文化、资源管理、生态影响和生计结果4个准则层、12个评价指标,利用层次分析法和专家打分法相结合的方法对武夷山和祁连山国家公园传统产业进行评价。研究表明,该体系能够在初步判断生计活动的典型特征后,相对精准地识别生计活动在实现保护目标时的协同性和可持续性的优势与不足;案例研究表明国家公园社区的传统生计活动存在相对持久的文化传承、较强的生态系统韧性和较为稳定的经济惠益,但在资源管理体系中实现现代与传统融合、经营主体合作共赢、生态产品价值转化等方面还需内力激发和外力引导。研究建议在运用快速评价体系的基础上,对标保护兼容性生计总体模式开展更为精细的生态、经济和社会效应评价,寻求生计发展。Livelihood activities in and around protected areas influence the effectiveness of conservation.Conservation-compatible livelihoods emerge as a feasible path for synergising conservation and development.They emphasise multifunctional land use to capitalise on ecological and cultural values and productive values under conservation management.In response,this study explores the conservation-compatibility of community livelihood activities,measuring the degree of their synergy with conservation goals and their sustainability.Building on the theoretical framework of conservation-compatible livelihoods,the study firstly interprets the connotation of conservation-compatibility from a comparative perspective.Then,by integrating theories of Cultural Ecology,Social-Ecological Systems,and Sustainable Livelihoods,the study proposes a rapid assessment index system which includes four criteria layers of eco-culture,resource management,ecological outcomes,and livelihood outcomes,along with 12 evaluation indicators.Finally,the study applied methods of analytic hierarchy process and expert scoring to assess the conservation-compatibility of traditional industries in Wuyishan and Qilianshan National Park(Pilot).Results show that this assessment index system enables the preliminary identification of the typical characteristics of livelihood activities and relatively precise recognition of the strengths and weaknesses concerning their synergy and sustainability in achieving conservation goals.Case studies reveal that traditional livelihood activities in national park communities exhibit enduring cultural heritage,robustness in the ecosystem,and stable economic benefits.However,improvements are needed in integrating modern and traditional practices within the resource management system,fostering cooperation among operational entities,and transforming the value of ecological products.The study suggests that,based on the application of the assessment system,a more detailed assessment of ecological,economic,and social effects be conduc

关 键 词：保护兼容性 生产性景观 可持续发展目标 文化生态 自然保护地 国家公园 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]