社交平台私权力的公私二元规制  

Binary Regulation Through Public and Private Law on Private Power of Social Platforms

作　　者：王燕[1] Wang Yan

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院

出　　处：《法商研究》2024年第1期89-106,共18页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学资金资助项目(21FFXB047)。

摘　　要：社交平台在数字内容治理中形成了网域空间独特的私权力,并因私权力滥用亟待法律规制。宪法等公法对社交平台私权力的规制存在主体不适格的困境,民法等私法在社交平台私权力的规制中则易陷入服务无偿及外观意思自治的误区。对此,欧盟通过《欧盟数字服务法》对社交平台制定了信息披露、审慎内容审核、风险评估、完善救济措施等公法性义务以克制社交平台私权力执行的任意性,通过《欧盟不公平合同条款指令》等私法对社交平台用户服务协议的形式及实质合法性进行评价,并以公私合治为路径,增强社交平台私权力执行中的外部监督,以矫正用户谈判能力的不足。我国对社交平台的规制以网络非法内容控制为核心,缺乏私权力限制和用户权益保障的意识,有必要在公法中针对社交平台制定与之私权力相对应的责任,在私法中完善平台用户服务协议实质合法性审查的规定,并优化公私合治路径提升社交平台私权力规制的实效。Social platforms develop unique private power through digital content governance in the realm of network space,and their abuse of private power requires regulation by law.The public laws such as the Constitutions face the dilemma that the subjects are not qualified in regulating the private power,while the private laws such as the civil codes are entrenched by the misunderstanding that the platform service is free and service contracts are manifested with parties'free will.Thus,the European Union enacts the Digital Services Act to stipulate the public law obligations such as information disclosure,prudential content moderation,risk evaluation and perfecting remedies to restrain the arbitrariness of platforms'execution of private power,assessing the legality of the platforms-users service contracts from both perspectives of formality and substance through its Unfair Contract Terms Directives,together with the adoption of public-private co-governance route to strengthen the external supervision on social platforms'private power and make up users'lack of bargain power.The social platform regulation in China focuses on the control of illegal contents,lacking the awareness of restraining platforms'private power and safeguarding the users rights.It is necessary for China to impose public law obligations on social platforms corresponding to their private power,improving substantive legality review of platforms-users service contracts,and optimize the public-private co-governance route to enhance the effectiveness of private power regulation on social platforms.

关 键 词：社交平台 私权力 公法规制 私法规制 公私合治 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学] D922.16