碳酸岩研究进展  

A review of research advances on carbonatite

作　　者：尹淑苹 谢玉玲[1] 侯增谦[2] 曲云伟[1] YIN ShuPing;XIE YuLing;HOU ZengQian;QU YunWei(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《岩石学报》2024年第3期1003-1022,共20页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41930427、42203073);中国地质科学院地质研究所基本科研业务经费(J2307)资助.

摘　　要：碳酸岩(carbonatite)一词自首次被提出至今已有一百多年的历史,它是一种神秘而颇具争议的岩石类型。碳酸岩富含碳酸盐矿物,通常与基性、超基性或碱性硅酸盐岩伴生形成碳酸岩-硅酸盐岩杂岩体,具有独特的化学成分和矿物学特征并具有承载重要经济矿床的能力。在过去的几十年里,碳酸岩的研究在岩石成因及岩浆起源、地球化学与地质年代学、高温高压实验、与碳酸岩相关的经济矿产、碳酸岩型稀土矿床中稀土元素的富集分异及成矿机理等领域取得了巨大进步。本文从碳酸岩的定义与分类、成岩背景与时空分布、岩石学特征及矿物组成、岩浆起源及演化过程以及与碳酸岩相关的矿产资源等方面对碳酸岩的研究进展进行了综述与评论,提出从成因角度探索碳酸岩分类方案的必要性,总结和梳理了我国目前发现的碳酸岩的产地和分布特征,并认为碳酸岩岩浆与硅酸盐岩浆演化具有差异性,应重视对碳酸岩岩浆演化过程中熔体-流体过渡阶段的研究。最后从文献计量学角度利用大数据和可视化手段对来自Scopus数据库的近十年以“carbonatite”为检索词的近千篇文献进行了可视化分析,总结归纳了碳酸岩现阶段的研究热点,并对未来碳酸岩的研究趋势进行了展望。The term“carbonatite”has a history of over one hundred years since its initial proposal.It refers to a unique rock type that is intriguing and subject to debate.Carbonatite is characterized by its abundance of carbonate minerals and its association with mafic,ultramafic,or alkaline silicate rocks.It forms carbonatite-silicate complexes with unique chemical compositions and mineralogical features.These complexes also have the potential to host significant economic deposits.In recent decades,significant advancements have been made in studying carbonatite in various aspects,including understandings on its genesis,identifications on its magma sources,investigation over its geochemistry and geochronology,experimental studyings on its physical characteristics under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions,discovering the economically important mineral deposits related to the carbonatite and the enrichment and mineralization mechanisms of rare earth elements in carbonatite-related REE deposits,etc.This article serves as a comprehensive review and commentary on the research progresses made in the field of carbonatite.It covers topics such as the definition and classification of the carbonatite,and its diagenetic backgrounds,spatial-temporal distributions and petrological characteristics and mineral compositions,as well as the origins and evolutionary features of its magma and the carbanatite-related mineral resources.This article emphasizes the necessity of developing a classification scheme for carbonatite from a genetic perspective.It also summarizes the occurrence and distribution characteristics of carbonatite discovered in China and highlights the differences between the evolution of carbonatite magma and silicate magma.Furthermore,this article suggests the importance of researching the transitional stage of melt-fluid during carbonatite magma evolution.Finally,it employs data visualization and bibliometric analysis of thousands of papers retrieved from the Scopus database that use“carbonatite”as a keyw

关 键 词：碳酸岩 定义与分类 时空分布 岩石矿物学特征 岩浆 经济矿产 

分 类 号：P588.15[天文地球—岩石学]