中国油田地热开发利用现状与发展方向  

Status and development trends of geothermal development and utilization in oilfields of China

作　　者：王社教 施亦做 方朝合 曹倩 任路[3] WANG Shejiao;SHI Yizuo;FANG Chaohe;CAO Qian;REN Lu(PetroChina Shenzhen New Energy Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518052,Guangdong,China;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China;Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Jidong Oilfield Company,Tangshan 063004,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司,广东深圳518052 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [3]中国石油冀东油田勘探开发研究院,河北唐山063004

出　　处：《岩性油气藏》2024年第2期23-32,共10页Lithologic Reservoirs

基　　金：中国石油“十四五”重大科技攻关项目“地热资源高效勘探开发与综合利用关键核心技术开发及示范应用”(编号:2021DJ5501)资助。

摘　　要：基于中国地热发展现状、地热资源赋存和分布特点、不同地热开发方式对比,分析了油田地热资源开发利用潜力,并探讨了中国地热产业,尤其是油田地热未来的发展方向。研究结果表明:(1)中国的地热资源较为丰富,以中低温地热资源为主。浅层地热资源分布全国;中低温地热资源分布于沉积盆地、东南沿海和隆起山区,在不同深度形成了大面积分布的含地热水的热储层,为水热型地热资源;高温地热资源集中分布在西藏南部、四川西部、云南西部和台湾地区。中国浅层地热能资源(浅于200 m)年可开采量折合7×10^(8)t标准煤。(2)由于浅层地热能开发利用的环境与效率问题、深井直接换热的效率问题,以及干热岩开发利用的技术瓶颈问题,中深层水热型地热资源将是当今中国地热资源开发利用最主要和最现实的领域。(3)油田地热开发中形成了地热资源勘查与评价、砂岩地层回灌、废弃井改造为地热井、高温钻完井等一批关键技术,均在大型地热开发项目中得到成功应用。油田拥有丰富的采出水资源,可以直接利用,大量的废弃井或低效油井可以通过工艺改造为地热井进行地热资源开发,从而降低地热开发成本,提高地热项目的经济性。(4)油田地热除用于油田生产用能替代和清洁供暖外,中低温地热发电、氦气等伴生资源的开发、废弃油气藏储热和CO_(2)封存等领域的发展潜力巨大,地热综合开发利用是油田地热未来发展的主要方向。Based on the current situation of geothermal development in China,the characteristics of geothermal resource occurrence and distribution,and the comparison of different geothermal development methods,the potential for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in oilfields was analyzed,and the development trends of China’s geothermal industry,especially oilfield geothermal,were discussed.The results show that:(1)China has abundant geothermal resources,mainly consisting of medium to low temperature geothermal resources.Shallow geothermal resources are distributed nationwide.Medium to low temperature geothermal re-sources are distributed in sedimentary basins,southeastern coastal areas,and uplift mountainous areas,forming a large area of thermal reservoirs containing geothermal water at different depths,which are hydrothermal geo-thermal resources.High temperature geothermal resources are concentrated in southern Xizang,western Sichuan,western Yunnan and Taiwan region.China’s shallow geothermal energy resources(shallower than 200 m)have an annual mining output of 7×10^(8)tons of standard coal.(2)Due to the environmental and efficiency issues in the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy,the efficiency issues of direct heat exchange in deep wells,and the technical bottlenecks in the development and utilization of dry hot rocks,medium to deep hy-drothermal geothermal resources will be the most important and practical field for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in China today.(3)A series of key technologies have been developed in the geothermal development of oilfields,including geothermal resource exploration and evaluation,sandstone formation reinjection,renovation of abandoned wells into geothermal wells,and high-temperature drilling and completion,all of which have been successfully applied in large-scale geothermal development projects.Oilfields have abun-dant produced water resources that can be directly utilized,and a large number of abandoned or ineffic

关 键 词：油田地热 水热型地热资源 地热供暖 地热发电 废弃油气藏储热 CO_(2)封存 

分 类 号：TE09[石油与天然气工程]