岷江干旱河谷土石混合边坡不同种植处理下乡土植被的生态效益  

Ecological benefits of different planting treatments using indigenous species on the road slope in the Minjiang dry valley

作　　者：马少伟 胡慧[1,2] 包维楷 王子龙[1,2] 杨雨[1,2] 胡斌 黄龙 李芳兰[1] MA Shaowei;HU Hui;BAO Weikai;WANG Zilong;YANG Yu;HU Bin;HUANG Long;LI Fangan(Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization,Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室,生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室,中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第4期1647-1661,共15页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32271654)。

摘　　要：岷江干旱河谷生态环境脆弱,植被恢复困难,大规模的公路建设极易对当地生态环境造成破坏。筛选适宜的植被恢复措施对干旱地区道路边坡的乡土植被恢复重建和生态功能提升尤为重要。以岷江干旱河谷极端退化的土石混合的道路边坡为案例,选取乡土灌木和草本植物构建植物群落,进行裸地播种、播种后覆盖纤维毯和添加腐殖土后播种并地表覆盖纤维毯3种不同的种植处理,揭示了不同处理下群落结构、土壤改良以及水土保持效益的差异。发现,乡土灌草群落是干旱河谷适宜的道路边坡植被恢复模式,种植后第3年群落特征趋近于岷江干旱河谷区自然生态系统的多年生灌草植被。纤维毯覆盖+覆土处理在促进植物生长和群落构建,水土流失防治上效果最好,群落总盖度为74%,群落总生物量为506.35 g/m^(2);生长季内,与自然恢复相比小区径流量减少了87.8%,泥沙流失量降低了92.1%。土壤改良效应在3种处理之间差异不明显,但是与自然恢复样地相比,各处理均提升了边坡0-20 cm土层土壤养分。不同种植处理下植物群落结构差异是影响干旱河谷土石混合的道路边坡水土流失的关键因子。Highways construction adversely imposes on the surrounding fragile environment,leading to difficulty for revegetation in dry valleys of the Minjiang River.Appropriate vegetation restoration measures are of great significance for the restoration and reconstruction of vegetation and enhancement of ecological functions of roadside slopes in arid areas.Indigenous shrubs and herbs were planted with three treatments on an extremely degraded earth-rock roadside slope.,including seeding,seeding before fiber blanket coverage,as well as seeding before fiber blanket and forest humus coverage The difference in vegetation characteristics,soil physical and chemical properties,and the control of runoff generation and soil erosion under different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that average height,coverage and total biomass of artificial communities were 26.1-46.7 cm,63%-89% and 347.02-593.78 g/m^(2),respectively.The vegetation characteristic of artificial communities was similar to local perennial plant communities.Both cover and biomass were higher for the artificial communities than for naturally regenerated control plots after three years of revegetation.The effectiveness of seeding before fiber blanket and forest humus coverage was higher than others in promoting plant growth,accelerating community construction and preventing soil and water loss.The total coverage of seeding with fiber blanket and forest humus was 74%,and its total biomass was 506.35 g/m^(2);during the growing season,compared with the natural recovery,its runoff decreased by 87.8%,and the soil loss decreased by 92.1%.The species richness of treatments with fiber blanket coverage were significantly higher than seeding and natural recovery(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in soil improvement among the three planting treatments.Compared with the natural recovery,the total carbon in soil among the three planting treatments increased 9.4%-31.1%and the total phosphorus in soil increased 37.3%-117.3%,indicating that all restoration m

关 键 词：干旱区 道路边坡 群落模式 植被恢复 乡土物种 水土保持 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]