中国蛤蜊Mactra chinensis Philippi稚贝运动行为学初步研究  

Preliminary study on the behavior of Mactra chinensis Philippi

作　　者：李金泽 胡志 王晓龙 李永仁 郭永军 张涛[2] LI Jin-ze;HU Zhi;WANG Xiao-long;LI Yong-ren;GUO Yong-jun;ZHANG Tao(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Aquaculture,Marine Products Institute,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Shandong Academy of Marine Sciences,Qingdao 266104,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水产学院天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津300384 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]山东省海洋科学研究院,山东青岛266104

出　　处：《海洋科学》2023年第12期63-68,共6页Marine Sciences

基　　金：由国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-49)。

摘　　要：为从行为学角度解释中国蛤蜊(Mactra chinensis Philippi)的跑滩现象,研究了规格、温度对其跳跃行为以及底质、流速和周期性干露对其潜沙行为的影响。结果表明,中国蛤蜊运动能力与其规格和水温有关, 3 mm稚贝不具备跳跃能力, 5 mm以上具备跳跃能力;跳跃频率和高度随水温的升高呈上升趋势。中国蛤蜊稚贝潜沙比例均随时间推移逐渐上升;各时间节点中国蛤蜊稚贝在细沙底质的潜沙比例最高,中沙底质次之,粗沙底质最低。施加微弱水流后,中国蛤蜊稚贝潜沙速度和比例显著增加;流速增大到一定程度后部分稚贝被水流冲走,潜沙比例随之下降。周期性干露会导致中国蛤蜊稚贝从底质中爬出,干露时间越长,爬出比例越高。干露后的稚贝重新放置于海水中,部分稚贝会在水面漂浮一段时间后再下落至水底,漂浮比例随干露时间的增加而增加。本研究从行为学角度初步查明了中国蛤蜊跑滩现象,为解决中国蛤蜊防跑滩问题提供了思路。To investigate the ethology in the escaping mechanism of Mactra chinensis Philippi,the effects of size and temperature on their jumping behavior,as well as the effects of sediment,flow velocity,and periodic air expo-sure on their burrowing of M.chinensis Philippi,were examined.The results demonstrated that the movement abil-ity of M.chinensis was significantly correlated with its size and water temperature.Juvenile clams less than 3 mm in size could not jump,while those larger than 5 mm could,and the frequency and height of jumping escalated with the increase of water temperature.The juvenile burrowing ratio of M.chinensis increased over time,with the high-est ratio observed on the fine sand substrate,the lowest on the coarse sand substrate,and intermediate values ob-served on the medium sand substrate.The application of water flow significantly increased the burrowing speed and ratio of juvenile clams;however,a decreased ratio was observed when the water velocity exceeded a certain threshold because the clams failed to maintain stability.Juvenile clams crawled out of the substrate upon tidal ex-posure to air,with a longer exposure time leading to a higher crawling ratio.After exposure,some juveniles floated on the water surface for a period before sinking,and the proportion of floating juveniles advanced with exposure time.This study provides a preliminary understanding of the escaping mechanism of M.chinensis from an etho-logical perspective,providing ideas for solving the problem of proventing M.chinensis Philippi,from escaping.

关 键 词：中国蛤蜊(Mactra chinensis Philippi) 行为学 跳跃 潜沙 周期性干露 跑滩 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]