疫情防控期间老年人社会支持与生命质量的关系:社会支持行为的调节作用  

Relationship between social support and quality of life in older people during the time of COVID-19:the moderating role of social support behaviours

作　　者：郝然 王婷仙 彭瑾 林艳伟 HAO Ran;WANG Ting-xian;PENG Jin;LIN Yan-wei(Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration,School of Public Health,Guangdong Medical University,Dongguan,Guangdong 523808,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广东医科大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理系,广东东莞523808 [2]广东医科大学公共卫生与健康研究院 [3]广东医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第4期680-685,721,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71804029);广东省医学科研基金(C2018081);广东省普通高校特色创新类项目(2023KTSCX040);广东医科大学博士启动项目(B2019033);广东医科大学高水平学科建设工程项目(4SG22001G)。

摘　　要：目的 了解疫情防控期间东莞地区老年人的生命质量状况,探索社会支持和社会支持行为对老年人生命质量的影响路径,为改善老年人生命质量提供社会支持视角的参考依据。方法 于2020年9月-12月采用整群随机抽样对东莞市6个社区的老年人进行面对面访谈式问卷调查,采用社会支持评价量表(SSA)、社会支持行为量表(SS-B)和简明健康调查问卷(SF-36)评估老年人社会支持、社会支持行为及生命质量等。使用t检验、单因素方差分析用于统计学差异分析,Spearman相关分析和PROCESS 4.0宏程序中的模型1用于路径分析。结果 共回收1 130份有效问卷(94.17%),平均年龄(78.85±9.04)岁,女性占72.2%,男性占27.8%。社会支持(r=0.16,P<0.01)、社会支持行为(r=0.14,P<0.01)与生命质量呈正相关,社会支持(r=0.11,P<0.01)、社会支持行为(r=0.14,P<0.01)与心理健康呈正相关。社会支持行为对生命质量(β=0.069,P<0.01)、心理健康(β=0.119,P<0.01)存在正向预测作用;社会支持行为调节社会支持与生命质量(β=-0.004,P<0.001)、心理健康(β=-0.005,P<0.001)的关系,调节作用的边界值分别为10.270、7.145,且均为临界值以下调节作用显著。结论 提高老年人的社会支持有助于提高老年人的生命质量,特别是社会支持行为水平较低的老年人群。Objective To understand the quality of life of the elderly in Dongguan during the COVID-19 period,to explore the influence path of social support and social support behavior on the quality of life of the elderly,and to provide a reference basis for social support to improve the quality of life of the elderly.Methods From September to December 2020,face-to-face interview-type questionnaires were administered to older adults in six communities in Dongguan City using whole-cluster random sampling,and the Social Support Assessment Scale(SSA),Social Support Behaviour Scale(SS-B),and the Brief Health Questionnaire(SF-36)were used to assess older adults’social support,social support behaviours,and quality of life.The t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis of variance,and Spearman’s correlation analysis and Model 1 in the PROCESS 4.0 macro program were used for path analysis.Results A total of 1130 valid questionnaires(94.17%)were collected,with a mean age(78.85±9.04)years,72.2%female and 27.8%male.Social support(r=0.16,P<0.01)and social support behaviors(r=0.14,P<0.01)were positively correlated with quality of life,while social support(r=0.11,P<0.01)and social support behaviors(r=0.14,P<0.01)were positively correlated with mental health.Social support behaviors had a positive predictive effect on quality of life(β=0.069,P<0.01)and mental health(β=0.119,P<0.01).The relationship between social support behavior and quality of life(β=-0.004,P<0.001)and mental health(β=-0.005,P<0.001),the boundary values of the regulatory effect were 10.270 and 7.145,respectively,and the regulatory effect below the critical value was significant.Conclusion Improving social support in the elderly can help improve the quality of life of the elderly,especially the elderly population with a low level of social support behavior.

关 键 词：社会支持 社会支持行为 生命质量 调节作用 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]