21世纪美国南方小说《倾斜的世界》与《拾骨》中的洪水叙事  

Flood Narratives in the Twenty-First-Century American Southern Literature:Taking The Tilted World and Salvage the Bones as Examples

作　　者：张鋆芸 韩启群[2] ZHANG Yunyun;HAN Qiqun

机构地区：[1]四川大学外国语学院 [2]南京林业大学外国语学院

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2024年第1期63-72,共10页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“21世纪美国南方环境危机小说研究”(23BWW044);西非经济共同体研究中心的资助。

摘　　要：洪水叙事在21世纪美国南方文学中占据着重要位置,它既是作家对南方灾难书写传统的继承,也是对当下人类世时代环境问题的回应。本论文选取近十年来最具代表性的两部以洪水为题材的南方小说,分别挖掘两部小说独特的叙事机制背后所承载的深刻文化内涵和现实意义。其中,汤姆·富兰克林和贝丝·安·芬内利的小说《倾斜的世界》聚焦对1927年密西西比河大洪水灾难的历史拟写,借助对洪水场景的具身呈现回溯这一重要历史事件,强化了被淡忘的集体记忆,超越了官方建构的历史叙事的局限,重构了关于大洪水的文化图景,从而唤起人类对环境灾难的重新认知;而杰斯敏·沃德的小说《拾骨》则基于沃德本人的卡特里娜飓风经历,以见证叙事的方式讲述灾难给人类带来的创伤体验。在此过程中,沃德将伤痛记忆转化为叙事记忆,最终在对环境灾难下人类建立共同纽带的构想中完成了创伤的疗愈。两部作品都通过洪水灾难叙事,将洪灾记忆与当下经验相整合,告诫读者在生态环境日趋恶化的当下,人类迫切需要重塑对人与自然关系的认知,树立对自然的敬畏之心,同时建构相互依存的命运共同体。当代洪水书写传达了南方作家的环境忧思与生态警示,丰富了南方灾难文学的审美价值与生态内涵。Flood narratives,which occupy an important position in the twenty-first-century American Southern literature,are both an inheritance of the writing of disasters in Southern literary canon and a response to the environmental crisis in the present Anthropocene.This paper selects two of the most representative Southern novels anchored in flood theme in the last ten years,in order to respectively dig out the profound cultural connotations and practical significances behind the unique narrative mechanisms of the two novels.Among the works,The Tilted World,written by Tom Franklin and Beth Ann Fennelly,focuses on the historical writing of the Great Flood of 1927;by presenting the flood in an embodied way,the novel revisits this important historical event,reinforces the collective memories of the flood that has been downplayed by official narratives,and reconstructs the cultural scenarios of the flood,so as to invoke people’s new awareness of environmental disasters.On the other hand,Jesmyn Ward’s Salvage the Bones,based on her personal experiences during Hurricane Katrina,resorts to testimonial narratives to display human trauma in the wake of disasters;during the process,Ward integrates confusional experiences into narratives,and ultimately,by establishing the communal bonds among human beings faced with environmental disasters,heals the psychic trauma.Both novels,through flood narratives,reconnect disaster memories to current experiences,informing the readers that in face of the current deteriorating ecological environment,human beings urgently need to reshape their understanding of the relationship between man and nature,establish an awe for nature,and build an interdependent community with a shared future.Flood writings convey the ecological concerns and warnings of contemporary Southern writers,enriching the aesthetic values and ecological connotations of disaster writings in the Southern literature.

关 键 词：《倾斜的世界》 《拾骨》 洪水叙事 历史拟写 见证叙事 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]