《海上扁舟》中海洋环境的社会价值  

The Social Value of the Oceanic Environment in Stephen Crane’s The Open Boat

作　　者：舒奇志[1] SHU Qizhi

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学外国语学院

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2024年第1期73-83,共11页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

基　　金：湖南省教育厅重点项目“19世纪末20世纪初美国文学中的男性气质身份建构与国家认同研究”(21A0100);江苏省长江保护与高质量发展研究基地;河海大学西非经济共同体研究中心资助。

摘　　要：斯蒂芬·克莱恩的《海上扁舟》作为一部典型的美国自然主义文学作品,以作者亲身经历的海难故事为原型,讲述了海上小舟上的四个人努力与大海抗争最终获救的过程,反映了人与自然/海洋的冲突关系。作品通过人物自身对海难事件场域的身体性体验,突显出海上“生活世界”的风险性、局限性和荒诞性与陆地生活世界的安全感和稳定感形成了鲜明对照,表现了海洋环境经验对陆地生存意义的价值启示。作品人物从听觉、视觉、触觉、味觉等多方位对海洋环境的感知影响着他们的审美心理,在他们矛盾性的生命体验中叙写出海洋环境感知的诗思意义:作品人物在“生命场域”的极限考验中体会到对生命的依恋情感和生命的意义。海洋环境经验和海洋环境感知经过感官的综合作用唤起了作品人物的海洋环境情感,他们在海上小舟这个与海洋/自然/宇宙合一的特定背景空间里体验到自我与海洋环境的对抗性情感,映衬出以忠诚和友谊为主题的人际情感蕴含着人类“爱的本能”。作品通过人物对海洋环境的感知体验和观察思考,从海洋的自然属性和社会属性传递了克莱恩对陆地生活世界中“生存之海”秩序意义的新认识和新理解——人类的生命秩序意义在于去征服那些敌对因素,弘扬“爱”的价值。这一思想正是海洋环境带给他及其读者们的社会价值。Stephen Crane’s short story The Open Boat,a typical American naturalist writing based on Crane’s personal experience in the shipwreck of the Commodore,narrates the sea journey of four men who fight against the ocean in a small boat for survival,reflecting the conflicting relations between man and the nature/ocean.The story contrasts the hazard,limitation and absurdity of the oceanic living world with the security and stability of the terrestrial life,so as to reveal the significance of the oceanic environmental experiences to the terrestrial life.As the four men’s aesthetic psychology is affected by their auditory,visual,tactile and palate sensations of the oceanic environment,the poetic meaning of the oceanic environmental perception is conveyed in their paradoxical life experience on the sea:they are aware of their attachment to life and the value of life in the extreme challenge of the oceanic“living world”.The composition of the oceanic environmental experiences and perceptions plays a role in arousing the four men’s oceanic environmental emotions.Against the antagonistic sentiments between human self and the oceanic environment felt in the particular space of the open boat where the ocean/nature/cosmos merges into oneness,it is shown that the interpersonal relationship established on the basis of loyalty and friendship is burdened with the instinctive nature of human love.The story,illustrating the four men’s perception and reflection on the oceanic environment,speaks for Crane,from aspects of the ocean’s natural and social attributes,his new understanding of the order of the“survival sea”of the terrestrial life:the true meaning of human’s order of life in the cosmos lies in conquering the antagonistic forces and developing the gist of love.This is the social value that the oceanic environment brings to Crane and his readers.

关 键 词：斯蒂芬·克莱恩 《海上扁舟》 海洋环境 人海关系 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]