2016—2021年自贡市手足口病流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Zigong from 2016 to 2021

作　　者：张洁[1] 明雪薇 游春芳[2] 何庆 吴天雪 张得月 张正东[1] 陈曦[1] ZHANG Jie;MING Xuewei;YOU Chunfang;HE Qing;WU Tianxue;ZHANG Deyue;ZHANG Zhengdong;CHEN Xi(Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zigong 643000,Sichuan Province,China;Zigong First People’s Hospital,Zigong 643000,Sichuan Province,China;Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital,Zigong 643000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]自贡市疾病预防控制中心,四川自贡643000 [2]自贡市第一人民医院,四川自贡643000 [3]自贡市第四人民医院,四川自贡643000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第2期139-144,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解自贡市手足口病(Hand foot and mouth Disease,HFMD)的流行特征,探究重点人群、地区及影响因素,为疫情的预测预警和干预提供科学依据。方法描述2016—2021年自贡市HFMD流行趋势及三间分布特征,采用全局空间自相关、局部空间自相关及SaTScan v10.0扫描探索疾病时空聚集性,检验水准ɑ=0.05。结果共报告手足口病10660例,年发病率62.86/10万,年度百分比(annual percent change,APC)为APC=-5.13%(95%CI:-26.7%~22.7%,P=0.60),2016—2017年、2019年及2021年呈现“夏季(4至7月)”及“秋冬季(11至12月)”双高峰流行,2018年、2020年呈现单峰,发病高峰在7至11月和11至12月;以1~岁组年龄段占比最高(31.44%),男女性别比1.45∶1,差异存在统计学意义(t=3.88,P<0.001);自贡市手足口病发病情况呈现时空聚集性,手足口病优势病原存在交替变化情况,且不同病原感染引起的住院患者临床表现存在差异。结论自贡市HFMD发病率呈波动趋势,存在明显季节性和区域聚集性,中心城区人口聚集区、低年龄组儿童是防控手足口病的重点。Objective To analyze epidemic characteristics of Hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Zigong City,to explore the key groups and areas,to provide scientific basis for prediction and intervention.Methods Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Zigong City from 2016 to 2021.Global and local spatial autocorrelation,and SaTScan v10.0 scans were used to explore spatial-temporal aggregation.Result Totally,10 660 cases of HFMD were reported,with annual incidence of 62.86/105.The APC(annual percent change)was-5.13%(95%CI:-26.7%~22.7%,P=0.60).There were double-peak epidemics of“summer(April-July) ” and “autumn-winter(November-December) ” in 2016 to 2017,2019 and 2021.However,a single peak of incidence in July-November and November-December was observed in2018 and 2020,respectively.Most HFMD cases were in the age group of 1~ years.The male to female ratio of cases was 1.45∶ 1,with obvious statistical differences(t=3.88,P<0.001).The incidence of HFMD in Zigong exhibited spatial-temporal aggregation,and the dominant pathogens of HFMD showed alternate changes,and the clinical manifestations of hospitalized patients caused by different pathogens were varied.Conclusions The incidence of HFMD in Zigong City showed a fluctuating trend,with obvious seasonality and regional aggregation,and urban population clusters.Children in the younger age groups are the focus of HFMD prevention and control.

关 键 词：手足口病 自贡市 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]