催化裂解装置反应系统结焦原因分析及应对措施  

CAUSE ANALYSIS OF COKING IN THE REACTION SYSTEM OF CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT AND COUNTERMEASURES

作　　者：冯兴 王胜潮 Feng Xing;Wang Shengchao(CNOOC Ningbo Daxie Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315000)

机构地区：[1]中海石油宁波大榭石化有限公司,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《石油炼制与化工》2024年第3期50-54,共5页Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals

摘　　要：针对某石化企业2.2 Mt/a催化裂解装置反应系统结焦问题,根据结焦机理和装置实际运行情况分析认为:原料雾化效果不佳,油剂接触不均匀和存在未汽化油是造成提升管结焦的主要原因,并对后续系统结焦造成影响;油气停留时间长,反应程度深,热裂化缩合反应增加,同时油浆回炼量过大,导致油气中稠环芳烃、胶质、沥青质等结焦前身物较多;当温度低于该重组分露点温度时,就会凝析出液滴,重油液滴和催化剂会在油气静止区域、油气流体流动变化较大的区域向器壁或内构件黏附,并进一步发生脱氢缩合反应,逐渐固化累积形成较大的焦块。通过采取严控原料品质、控制反应深度、降低油浆回炼量、提升催化剂性能、提高反应注汽量等工艺优化措施,并采取脱气罐优化改造、增加中压防焦蒸汽环、旋风分离器优化改造等技术改造措施,有效缓解了反应系统结焦,保证了装置安全长周期运行。According to the coking mechanism and the actual operation of a 2.2 Mt/a catalytic cracking unit in a petrochemical enterprise,it is considered that the atomization effect of feedstock is not good and the contact of oil agent is not uniform,the existence of non-vaporized oil is the main cause of coking in riser and affects the coking in follow-up system.When the temperature is lower than the dew point temperature of the heavy component,the droplets will condense,the heavy oil droplets and the catalyst will stick to the wall or inner component in the stationary region and the region where the oil and gas flow changes greatly,and then the dehydrogenation and condensation reaction will gradually solidify and accumulate to form large coke blocks.The process optimization measures of strict control of raw material quality,control of reaction depth,reduction of slurry refining amount,improvement of catalyst performance and increase of reaction steam injection amount were adopted,and some technical improvement measures were taken,such as optimizing degassing tank,setting up middle pressure anticoking steam ring,and optimizing cyclone separator,etc.The results showed that the coking of the reaction system was effectively alleviated,and the safe long-term operation of the device was ensured.

关 键 词：催化裂解 结焦 料腿 沉降器 油浆 

分 类 号：TE96[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]