两种风险评估法在某中型通用设备制造企业噪声风险评估中的应用  

Application of two occupational health risk assessment methods to noise risk assessment in a medium-sized general equipment manufacturing enterprise

作　　者：吴玺 储卫忠 杜秋霞[1] 李霞 WU Xi;CHU Weizhong;DU Qiuxia;LI Xia(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2024年第1期49-54,共6页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的 探讨两种风险评估方法在通用设备制造行业噪声风险评估中的适用性。方法 对某中型通用设备制造企业工作场所进行职业卫生调查和职业病危害因素检测。使用职业危害风险指数法、国际采矿与金属委员会(ICMM)模型定量法进行噪声风险评估,分析比较两种方法评估结果的一致性。采用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果 该企业各岗位接触噪声均为连续噪声,无工程防护措施,防噪耳塞佩戴率不足10%。使用职业危害风险指数法,非噪声作业岗位评估的噪声风险结果为低风险,噪声作业岗位为高风险。使用ICMM模型定量法,非噪声作业岗位评估的噪声风险结果为低风险,噪声作业岗位为极高风险。结论 该企业噪声作业岗位职业健康风险较高,应加强工人的听力保护。两种风险评估方法对于非噪声作业岗位的评估结果一致,而对于噪声作业岗位,职业危害风险指数法低估了风险,ICMM模型定量法难以识别各岗位的风险差异。Objective This study explores the applicability of two occupational health risk assessment methods for noise-exposed workstations in a general equipment manufacturing enterprise. Methods Occupational health investigation and occupational disease hazard detection was conducted for the workplace of a medium-sized general equipment manufacturing enterprise. The occupational health risk assessment of noise-exposed workstations was carried out by using the occupational hazard risk index method and the International Commission on Mining and Metals(ICMM) model, and the evaluation results of different methods were compared and analyzed. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyse the data, and the test level was α =0.05. Results The contact noise of all positions in the enterprise was continuous noise, there were no engineering protection measures, and the wearing rate of anti-noise earbuds was less than 10%. The evaluation results of the occupational hazard risk index method showed that the noise health risk ratio of noise-exposed workstations was assessed as high risk, and that of non-noise-exposed workstations was low risk level. The results of ICMM model evaluation showed that the noise health risk ratio of noise-exposed workstations was assessed as very high risk,and that of non-noise-exposed workstations was low risk level. Conclusions The risk of noise-induced hearing hazards in the enterprise is high, and the hearing protection of workers should be strengthened. The two risk assessment methods had the same results for non-noiseexposed workstations, while for noise-exposed workstations, the occupational hazard risk index method underestimate the risk, and the ICMM model quantitative method was difficult to distinguish the risk differences of each position.

关 键 词：噪声 职业健康 风险评估 职业危害风险指数法 ICMM 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]