考虑碳排放的危险品运输异构车辆路径问题研究  

Heterogeneous vehicle routing problem of hazardous materials transportation considering carbon emissions

作　　者：马天明 黄楚原 陈先锋[1] MA Tianming;HUANG Chuyuan;CHEN Xianfeng(School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2024年第1期193-199,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(52274224);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般186);湖北省自然科学基金资助(2023AFA013)。

摘　　要：为满足危险品运输异构车辆路径问题(HVRP)的低碳需求,对易爆危险品运输过程中的总风险、总成本和总碳排放量进行最优化处理。首先,在模型构造阶段,改进总成本与总风险的度量方式,包括建立爆炸事故场景下考虑危险品装载量的风险量化模型,并设计一种用于惩罚成本计算的软时间窗函数,该函数可以优先减少装载量较大的车辆在客户处的等待时间;然后,在算法改良阶段从2方面改进非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),设计一种带有改良交叉算子的混合交叉方法来提升全局搜索效率,并通过包含2个阶段的变邻域搜索(VNS)算法来提高局部搜索能力;最后,通过算例验证模型和算法的有效性。研究结果表明:相较于原始NSGA-Ⅱ,改进的算法收敛曲线下降更快,使总成本、总风险和总碳排放量3个优化目标的平均值进一步减少3.36%、12.16%和6.96%;在车辆数目有限的车队中,承运人可以通过选择不同的车辆类型对各目标产生不同程度的影响。To fill the research gap,a HVRP for hazardous materials transportation was proposed in this study,aiming at optimizing the three objectives as total risk,total cost and total carbon emissions.Firstly,in the model construction stage,the measurement methods of total cost and total risk were improved,including establishing a loading-dependent risk quantification method for explosion scenarios,and designing a specific soft time window for penalty cost calculation,which could preferentially reduce the waiting time of vehicles with large loads at customers.Then,to better solve the above model,the NSGA-II was improved in two aspects.A hybrid crossover method with new crossover operators was designed to improve the global search efficiency,and a two-stage variable neighborhood search(VNS)algorithm was adopted to improve the local search ability.Finally,a numerical example was given to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.The results indicate that,compared with the original NSGA-II,the convergence curve of the improved algorithm decreases faster,and the average values of the three optimization objectives of total cost,total risk and total carbon emissions are further reduced by 3.36%,12.16%and 6.96%respectively.In a fleet with limited number of vehicles,the carrier can have different degrees of influence on each target by choosing different vehicle types.

关 键 词：碳排放 危险品 异构车辆路径问题(HVRP) 多目标优化 非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ) 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]