外源氮添加对扎鲁特旗山地草原主要植物饲用品质的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Nitrogen Addition on Feeding Quality of Main Plants in Mountainous Grassland of Zhalute Banner

作　　者：宋一凡 刘之浩 谭国娟 闫宝龙 高凯[1] 丛龙丽 SONG Yifan;LIU Zhihao;TAN Guojuan;YAN Baolong;GAO Kai;CONG Longli(Grass Industry College,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学草业学院,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第3期58-64,共7页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：通辽市科技计划项目(S22001);内蒙古民族大学博士科研启动基金项目(BS522);内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目(2022YFDZ0087);内蒙古自治区草创中心项目(CCPTZX2023B03)。

摘　　要：为促进草地合理利用,2021年和2022年通过连续对扎鲁特旗山地草原进行氮添加,调查样地群落及主要植物粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分等指标,运用主成分分析方法进行量化综合评价,探讨氮添加对山地草原群落及主要植物饲用品质的影响规律。结果表明,草地植物营养价值大小排序为止血马唐(Digitaria ischaemum)>冰草(Agropyron cristatum)>寸草苔(Carex duriuscula)>达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza daurica)>糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)>扁蓿豆(Medicago ruthenica)。短期的氮添加可以显著增加山地草原植物粗蛋白、粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维含量,对酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分和干物质产量影响不显著,随着氮素比例的增加,群落内的粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、中性洗涤纤维含量和干物质产量呈先增加后降低趋势,而酸性洗涤纤维和灰分呈降低趋势。施加氮肥可以显著提高禾本科植物的营养价值,对豆科牧草的影响不显著,能够显著提高草地营养价值的施氮量为O_(4)I_(0)(有机态氮4 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1))。In order to promote the rational utilizati on of grassland,nitrogen addition was continuously carried out in 2021 and 2022,and the indexes of crude protein,crude fiber,crude fat and crude ash of sample plots and main plants were determined.The principal component analysis method was used for quantitative comprehensive evaluation to explore the effect of nitrogen addition on the feeding quality of main plants in mountain grassland.The results showed that the order of nitrogen levels of grassland plants was:Digitaria ischaemum>Agropyron cristatum>Carex duriuscula>Lespedeza daurica>Cleistogenes squarrosa>Medicago ruthenica.Short-term nitrogen addition could significantly increased the contents of crude protein,crude fat and neutral detergent fiber in mountain grassland plants,but had no significant effect on acid detergent fiber,crude ash and dry matter yield.With the increase of nitrogen ratio,the contents of crude protein,crude fat,neutral detergent fiber and dry matter yield in the community increased first and then decreased,while the contents of acid detergent fiber and ash decreased.The application of nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve the nutritional value of gramineous plants,but has no significant effect on leguminous forage.The nitrogen application rate that could significantly improve the nutritional value was O_(4)I_(0)(organic nitrogen 4 g·m^(-2)).

关 键 词：外源氮 牧草 饲用品质 粗蛋白 粗纤维 粗脂肪 粗灰分 

分 类 号：S812.4[农业科学—草业科学]