“数据权益绝对化”:缘起、困因与破局——一种法哲学视角下的阐释  

"Absolute Protection of Data Rights":Reasons,Dilemmas and Breakthrough——An Interpretation from the Perspective of Legal Philosophy

作　　者：仲春 崔家龙 Zhong Chun;Cui Jialong

机构地区：[1]暨南大学

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2024年第1期16-28,共13页Competition Policy Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“数字经济竞争法实施难点问题研究”(项目编号:19BFX163);科技部国家重点研发项目“跨部门跨地域社会信用治理关键技术研究与应用示范”(项目编号:2022YFC3303200);暨南大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(项目编号:CX23501)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：现行司法实践之于数据权益呈现“绝对化保护”的倾向,即将企业为数据活动投入的“劳动”上升为享有绝对排他权益的基础,对未经许可的数据获取、使用行为多数均判定构成不正当竞争,已招致各方的批评与诟病。从法哲学的视角来看,其理论依据系肇始于17世纪的洛克劳动理论。然而,劳动理论之于现行司法实践既缺少自洽的逻辑话语体系,亦不具备完备的社会解释力,仅仅是对洛克理论思想的片面理解,脱离产业实践与比例原则的裁判思路亟待纠正。对此,可将洛克朴素的财产观念转化于数据权益配置的立法表达当中,在《反不正当竞争法》中逐步完善“商业数据专条”,明确企业仅能对其依法依规持有的商业数据享有有限的财产权益,以为数据产业的规范化发展提供强有力的司法保障。The current judicial practice shows a tendency of"absolute protection"for data rights and interests,that is,"labor"that enterprises put into data activities is the basis for enjoying absolute exclusive rights and interests,and most of the unauthorized data acquisition and use behaviors are judged to constitute unfair competition,which has been criticized.From the perspective of philosophy,its theoretical basis is Locke's labor theory,which began in the 17th century.However,the labor theory lacks a consistent logical discourse system and a complete social explanatory power in the current judicial practice.It is only a one-sided understanding of the great wisdom of Locke,which is divorced from the principle of industrial practice and proportionality.In this regard,Locke's simple property concept can be transformed into the legislative expression of the allocation of data rights and interests,that is,adding and improving the"commercial data article"in the Anti-Unfair Competition Law,clarifying that enterprises enjoy property rights and interests and protect the commercial data held in accordance with the law,so as to provide a strong judicial guarantee for the standardized development of the data industry.

关 键 词：反不正当竞争法 劳动理论 绝对化保护 商业数据专条 法哲学 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]