鄂东方言语素“么、貌、门”的来源  

The Source of the Eastern Hubei(湖北)Dialect Morphemes Me(么),Mao(貌),Men(门)

作　　者：徐英[1] 卢峰玉 XU Ying;LU Feng-yu(School of Literature and Communication/National Language and Writing Promotion Base in China Three Gorges University,China Three Gorges University,Yichang Hubei 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学文学与传媒学院/国家语言文字推广基地,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《语言研究》2024年第1期71-77,共7页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“600年来赣语与官话互动的历史追踪、现状调查与数据库建设”(18ZDA297);国家社会科学基金“黄孝方言与周边方言语法比较研究”(18BYY041)。

摘　　要：湖北东部存在“门”类语素,其音义因地域推移而不同:鄂东北的孝南往北到广水音“门”[.mЭn],为动量词、时间词后缀/中缀;黄冈、武汉,音“门/貌”[.mЭ]/[.mau],为时间词后缀/中缀。鄂东南大冶、阳新,音“貌”[.mЭ],为动量词、时间词后缀/中缀;咸安,音“巴”[.pD],为时间词中缀。西北方言、北部吴语中动量词、时间词后缀“卯”的意义演变路径,与“门/貌/巴”完全对应,后者是“卯”的韵母弱化或鼻化和声调的弱化。“门”类语素可能也是来自北宋末的移民。There are Men(门)morphemes in the eastern part of Hubei(湖北),whose pronunciation and meaning vary due to regional changes:from Xiaonan(孝南)in northeastern Hubei(湖北)to Guangshui(广水)with the sound of Men(门,[.mЭn])Suffix/infix for momentum words and time words;Huanggang(黄冈),Wuhan(武汉),sound Men/Mao(门/貌,[.mЭ]/[.mau])is the suffix/infix of a time word.Daye(大冶)and Yangxin(阳新)in southeastern Hubei(湖北),with the sound of Mao(貌,[.mÇ]),Suffixes/infixes for momentum words and time words;Xian'an(咸安),pronounced Ba(巴,[.pD]),for the affixes of time words.The meaning evolution path of the momentum word and time word suffix Mao(貌)in the northwest dialect and northern Wu(吴)dialect is completely corresponding to Me(么),Mao(貌)and Men(门),which is the weakening of the vowel or nasal tone of Mao(卯)and the weakening of the tone.The morphemes of Men(门)may also come from immigrants from the late Northern Song(北宋)Dynasty.

关 键 词：门 动量词 后缀 中缀 语法化 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]