长期有机种植模式下日光温室蔬菜栽培土壤真菌多样性研究  

Study on the Diversity of Soil Fungi in Vegetable Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse Under Long-term Organic Planting

作　　者：曾广娟 王晗 赵美微 彭红丽 冯阳 耿世刚 ZENG Guang-Juan;WANG Han;ZHAO Mei-Wei;PENG Hong-Li;FENG Yang;GENG Shi-Gang(Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety,Hebei University of Environmental Engineering,Qinhuangdao 066102,China;Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Changli 066600,China;Qimei Industrial Group Co.,Ltd.,Handan,057150 China)

机构地区：[1]河北环境工程学院河北省农业生态安全重点实验室,秦皇岛066102 [2]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,昌黎066600 [3]企美实业集团有限公司,邯郸057150

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2024年第3期641-654,共14页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：河北省科技支撑项目(22374208D);河北省农业生态安全重点实验室开放基金项目(2020SYSJJ05,2020SYSJJ06);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(ZC2022003)。

摘　　要：有机种植能够通过保护土壤有机质来提高土壤肥力和生物多样性;温室栽培可以人为控制植物生长环境,保护作物免受病虫害、极端天气条件和农药漂移等室外干扰。本研究以2种不同土地利用方式(日光温室和露地)(0~15)cm表层土壤和(15~30)cm深层土壤为研究对象,采用Illumina高通量测序技术分析土壤真菌群落结构的差异,基于距离的冗余分析(distance-based redundancy analysis,dbRDA)明确影响真菌群落结构的土壤环境因子,结合FunGuild分析土壤真菌功能对日光温室栽培的响应。结果表明,温室有机栽培显著降低了表层土壤真菌群落的丰富度和多样性(P<0.05)。不同土地利用方式的优势真菌均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota),不同土地利用方式没有改变土壤优势真菌的种类,但显著影响了其相对丰度。日光温室栽培增加了Chaetomium、Mortierella、Orbilia、Acaulospora等有益真菌的数量和丰度,抑制了表层土壤中植物病原菌Fusarium的生长。组间群落差异分析(LEfSe)表明,温室及露地土壤分别检测到22和21个显著差异物种。温室土壤中的被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)、罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)及Chaetomium、Mortierella、Humicola 3个真菌菌属为显著差异菌群;露地土壤中Fusarium、Stachybotry、Cephaliophora 3个菌属起主导作用。dbRDA分析表明,全钾(total potassium,TK)、土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)、pH、全氮(total nitrogen,TN)、全磷(total phosphorus,TP)是显著影响温室土壤真菌群落的环境因子。FunGuild功能预测分析显示,温室土壤中最优势的功能类群为土壤腐生菌,露地土壤中最优势的功能类群为病理-腐生菌。综上,有机种植模式下温室蔬菜栽培能显著影响真菌群落结构和功能,提高土壤有益真菌相对丰度,降低病原真菌丰度,真菌生态功能的改变与不同土地利用方式带来的环境变化相适应。Organic cultivation can improve soil fertility and biodiversity by protecting soil organic matter.Greenhouse cultivation can artificially control the growing environment of plants and protect crops from outdoor disturbances such as pests and diseases,extreme weather conditions and pesticide drift.In this study,two different land use methods(solar greenhouse and open field vegetable cultivation)(0~15)cm top soil and(15~30)cm deep soil were used as research objects,and Illumina sequencing was utilized to analyze the variations in soil microbial community structure.Key soil environmental factors affecting fungal community structure were identified through dbRDA analysis.Meantime,FUNGuild was used to analyze the response of soil fungal function to solar greenhouse cultivation.The results showed that organic cultivation in greenhouse significantly reduced(P<0.05)the richness and diversity of topsoil fungal communities.The dominant fungi of different land-use mode were Ascomycota,Glomeromycota and Basidiomycota.Although there was no change in the species of dominant fungi in the soil due to different land-use modes,their relative abundance was significantly influenced.Solar greenhouse cultivation increased the number and abundance of beneficial fungi such as Chaetomium,Mortierella,Orbilia,Acaurospora,and inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium in the surface soil.LEfSe analysis showed that 22 and 21 different species were detected in greenhouse and open soil,respectively.The Mortierellomycota,Rozellomycota,and Chaetomium,Mortierella,and Humicola fungal genera in greenhouse soil showed significant differences in microbial communities.Fusarium,Stachybotry,and Cephaliophora played a dominant role in the open field cultivation.dbRDA analysis showed that total potassium(TK),soil organic matter(SOM),pH,total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)were the environmental factors that significantly affected the soil fungal community in solar greenhouse.FunGuild function analysis showed that the most advantageous n

关 键 词：有机种植 日光温室 高通量测序 真菌群落多样性 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]