定向运动员的空间认知优势及脑加工特征研究  

Spatial Cognitive Dominance and Brain Processing Characteristics in Orienteering Athletes

作　　者：肖涵 赵明生 刘阳 XIAO Han;ZHAO Ming-sheng;LIU Yang(School of Physical Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学体育学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《福建体育科技》2024年第1期68-73,共6页Fujian Sports Science and Technology

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目(2022P003);陕西师范大学高水平成果培育项目(2022BA002)。

摘　　要：为考察定向运动练习能否提升练习者的空间认知能力,研究采用“专家—新手”范式,通过功能性近红外光谱成像(fNIRS)技术,比较不同水平定向运动员在心理旋转任务中的反应时、正确率、前额叶脑区血氧(Oxy-Hb)激活。结果发现:(1)与新手组相比,专家组的正确率更高,反应时更短;(2)与新手组相比,专家组在背外侧前额叶(R-DLPFC)、额极区(FOA)、腹外侧前额叶(VLPFC)的脑血氧激活强度更低。结论:定向运动练习改变了运动员的空间认知加工模式,提高了神经资源的利用效率,对认知功能的改善也起到了重要作用。In order to investigate whether orienteering exercises can improve spatial cognitive abilities of practitioners,a study was conducted to compare the reaction time,accuracy,prefrontal brain area(PBA)activation,and blood oxygenation(Oxy-Hb)of orienteering athletes of different levels in a mental rotation task using an expert-novice paradigm and the Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging(fNIRS)technique.blood oxygen(Oxy-Hb)activation.The results revealed that:(1)compared to the novice group,the expert group had a higher rate of accuracy and a shorter response time;(2)compared with the novice group,the expert group had lower intensity of cerebral blood oxygen activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe(R-DLPFC),frontal pole area(FOA),and ventral lateral prefrontal lobe(VLPFC).Conclusion:Orienteering exercise practice changed the spatial cognitive processing pattern of the athletes,increased the efficiency of neural resource utilization,and also played an important role in the improvement of cognitive function.

关 键 词：定向运动 心理旋转 近红外脑功能成像(fNIRS) 前额叶皮层 

分 类 号：G826[文化科学—体育训练]