依据民法典精神重构婚前医学检查制度的法治路径  

Legal Path of Reconstructing Premarital Medical Examination System According to the Spirit of Civil Code

作　　者：苏州大学婚检课题组 Research Group of Premarital Medical Examination of Soochow University(Kenneth Wang Law School,Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215006)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2024年第2期48-59,共12页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金重大项目“习近平法治思想中的民生保障理论研究”(项目编号:21&ZD190)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：全国人大常委会法工委在《关于2021年备案审查工作情况的报告》中提出将与国务院有关部门沟通,推动根据民法典精神适时统筹修改完善我国婚前医学检查领域的相关法律法规制度。纵览《民法典》的相关规定及其司法实践,如果没有合理的婚前医学检查制度作为支撑,《民法典》第一千零五十三条规定的婚姻撤销制度以及第一千二百二十六条规定的患者隐私权保护制度,既难以实现拟结婚当事人彼此权利的有机平衡,亦无法有效落实《宪法》为国家设定的“保护婚姻”的立法义务。同时,自愿免费婚检模式还会每年浪费20亿左右的公共财政资金。采用“知情—自主”婚前医学检查模式既可有效化解婚检领域不同法律规范和不同权利之间的冲突,又可以让免费婚检产生的公共财政资金发挥应有的财政效果,因此是该领域落实宪法精神和民法典精神的合理方式。In the Report on the Work of Filing and Review in 2021,the Commission for Legislative Affairs of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress proposed that they will communicate with relevant departments of the State Council to promote the timely revision and improvement of relevant laws and regulations in the field of premarital medical examination in accordance with the spirit of the Civil Code.Overview of the relevant provisions of the Civil Code and its judicial practice,if there is no reasonable premarital medical examination system as support,the marriage cancellation system stipulated in Article 1053 of the Civil Code and the patient privacy protection system stipulated in Article 1226 of the Civil Code can achieve neither an organic balance between the rights of the parties to the proposed marriage nor effectively implementing the legislative obligation of“the state to protect marriage”set by the Constitution.At the same time,the“voluntary-free”premarital medical examination mode will waste about 2 billion yuan of public financial funds per year.The adoption of“informed-independent”premarital medical examination mode can not only effectively resolve the conflicts between different legal norms and different rights in the field of premarital medical examination,but also make the public financial funds generated by free premarital medical examination play a due financial effect.Therefore,it is a reasonable way to implement the spirit of the Constitution and the spirit of the Civil Code in this field.

关 键 词：婚前医学检查 民法典 婚姻自由 隐私权 备案审查 

分 类 号：D923.5[政治法律—民商法学]