论我国法院对环境标准的司法审查  

Judicial Examination of Environmental Standards in Chinese Courts

作　　者：方俊 Fang Jun

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《法学杂志》2024年第1期76-91,共16页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于法治、国家治理和全球治理的技术法规研究”(项目编号:21&ZD192)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为高度专业性的行政规则,环境标准对行政执法与行政诉讼具有规范效应。为防止环境法治的空心化,法院须对环境标准进行审查,但实践运作是复杂和困难的。基于对司法案例的分析,法院对环境标准的判决存在2种效力肯定情形和1种效力否定情形,且可被归为较浅审查和较深审查两类。较浅审查的机理有环境标准的专业性、环境标准未获挑战、法院制度能力论和环境标准法律属性论。较深审查的机理有环境标准遭受质疑、侵害行政相对人较大权益和案件审理无须环境标准。当前的实践存在审查义务规避、审查基准摇摆、审查论理不足等问题。从实用主义的视角出发,法院需转变审查观念、提升审查能力与重构审查流程,以强化环境标准的司法审查。As highly specialized administrative rules,environmental standards have a normative effect on administrative enforcement and administrative litigation.In order to prevent hollowing-out of the environmental rule of law,the court must examinate the environmental standards,but the practical operation is complicated and difficult.Based on the analysis of judicial cases,there are two types of positive and one type of negative court decisions on environmental standards,and they can be categorized into two main groups:shallower examination and deeper examination.The rationale for the shallower examination includes the specialized nature of environmental standards,the environmental standards being unchallenged,competence of the court system and legal attributes of environmental standards.The rationale for deeper examination includes environmental standards being challenged,infringement of greater rights and interests of administrative counterparts and case adjudication not requiring environmental standards.The current practice has problems with the evasion of the duty to examination,uncertainty of examination baseline and insufficient reasoning for examination.From the perspective of pragmatism,the courts should change the notion of examination,improve examination capacity and reconstruct the examination process in order to strengthen the judicial examination of environmental standards.

关 键 词：环境标准 行政规则 分层审查 审查强度 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D926.2[政治法律—法学]