河道水力几何关系研究进展  

Progress of Research on Hydraulic Geometry Relationship of River Channels

作　　者：冯乐 金中武[1] 陈鹏 李志晶[1] 朱家熙 FENG Le;JIN Zhongwu;CHEN Peng;LI Zhijing;ZHU Jiaxi(River Research Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;College of Harbour,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院河流研究所,武汉430010 [2]河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院,南京210024

出　　处：《长江技术经济》2024年第1期74-82,共9页Technology and Economy of Changjiang

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2023397/HL,CKSF2023359/HL);水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022075)。

摘　　要：河道水力几何关系(河相关系)研究旨在寻求流域因子与河床地貌形态的定量关系。系统回顾了断面水力几何和沿程水力几何关系的研究方法,总结了经验分析法、稳定性理论、极值假说及变分方法的主要成果和存在的不足。结果表明:(1)这4种方法既有各自的优缺点及适用性,又彼此相关。(2)经验分析法是探究普适性水力几何关系式的必经之路;稳定性理论由于设置太多限定条件,难以推广;极值假说在河流地貌调整规律中尚缺少理论支撑;变分方法澄清了最大、最小极值假说的争论,具有广阔的应用前景。(3)断面水力几何和沿程水力几何关系分别在空间和时间维度有所延伸,尤其是多断面水力几何关系在估测河段流量方面具有良好应用前景。The research on river hydraulic geometry(river phase relationship)aims to seek the quantitative relationship between watershed factors and riverbed geomorphology.This paper systematically reviews the research methods of at-a-station hydraulic geometry(AHG)and downstream hydraulic geometry(DHG),and also provides a summary of the main findings and limitations of empirical analysis,stability theory,extreme value hypothesis and variational methods.The results show that:(1)Each of the four methods has its own strengths,weaknesses,and applicability,but they are also interconnected.(2)The empirical analysis method is an essential approach to explore the universal hydraulic geometry relationship;stability theory is difficult to generalise due to the setting of too many qualifications;extreme value hypothesis lacks theoretical support in fluvial geomorphological adjustment patterns.On the contrary,the variational approach resolves the controversy over the assumptions of maximum and minimum extreme values and has promising potential for applications.(3)Both the AHG and DHG relationships have been extended in the spatial and temporal dimensions.In particular,the multi AHG relationships have promising applications in estimating streamflow in river reaches.

关 键 词：水力几何关系 河床地貌形态 冲积河流 

分 类 号：TV14[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]