“工具-过程-主体”视角下中国湿地保护法律政策文本分析与评价  

Analysis and evaluation of China's wetland conservation legal and policy texts fromthe perspective of ‘ instruments⁃processes⁃subjects’

作　　者：杨翠柏[1,2] 赵云璐 董晋 李真莉 YANG Cuibai;ZHAO Yunlu;DONG Jin;LI Zhenli(School of Law,Sichuan University,Chengdu Sichuan 610065,China;School of International Studies,Sichuan University,Chengdu Sichuan 610065,China;The People's Procuratorate of Chengdu Shuangliu,Chengdu Sichuan 610200,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学国际关系学院,四川成都610065 [3]四川省成都市双流区人民检察院,四川成都610200

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第1期189-200,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：四川省哲学社会科学研究“十四五”规划2022年度课题“四川推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设策略与举措研究”(批准号:SC22ZD009);四川大学中国南亚研究国家智库项目“环喜马拉雅国家环境损害司法合作研究”(批准号:2022skzx⁃pt25)。

摘　　要：法律政策文本是国家治理目标、价值、内容和影响的集中体现,其中,工具-过程-主体是三个重要的变量。湿地在中国具有独特的生态价值和生态地位,现有研究尚未对湿地法律政策文本和工具做出全面、立体和深入的研究。因此,该研究借助法律政策文本的内容分析和Nvivo12研究工具,构建“工具-过程-主体”三维框架模型,对国家层面颁布施行的100个湿地保护法律政策文本进行计量分析。研究发现,中国湿地法律政策经历了启蒙、发展可持续、可持续发展和绿色发展全面展开四个变迁阶段。根据三维框架和历时性分析得出,中国湿地法律政策呈现的稳定的知识结构在于:工具选择与多元共治模式均表现出依赖政府主导的特征,整体呈现出对更深层次的矛盾关注不足、湿地系统治理监管的全局性不够等问题。针对当前存在的问题,结合中国湿地保护实践和制度嵌入理论,提出了湿地保护工具策略组合和治理结构改善建议:①遵循湿地法律政策演变规律,通过推进自然资源确权、完善生态补偿机制和细化绿色金融工具制度设计,进一步优化湿地绿色发展市场机制;②均衡湿地工具使用,在坚持命令控制型工具主导的前提下,注重新型经济激励工具和社区共建型公众参与工具的运用,迈向多方参与的湿地治理;③注重源头、过程控制,通过转变治理理念,树立湿地风险动态分期应对思想,加强全过程风险控制制度衔接,构建湿地环境分期、分级系统监管模式。Legal and policy texts are the embodiment of the objectives,values,contents,and effects of national governance,and instru⁃ments,processes,and subjects are three important variables in such texts.However,existing research has not yet produced a compre⁃hensive,three-dimensional,and in-depth quantitative study of the legal and policy texts and instruments concerning China's wetlands,which have a unique ecological value and status in the country.Therefore,with the help of the Nvivo12 research tool,this study used the text content analysis method and constructed a three-dimensional framework model of‘instruments-processes-subjects’to analyze 100 wetland legal and policy texts enacted and implemented at the national level.The study found that China's wetland laws and poli⁃cies went through four stages of change:the enlightenment stage,the sustainable development stage with a focus on development,the sustainable development stage with a focus on sustainability,and the green development stage.According to the three-dimensional framework and the ephemeral analysis,the choice of governance instruments and the pluralistic co-governance mode of China's wetland laws and policies showed a strong reliance on the government,and,as a whole,presented insufficient attention to deeper conflicts and insufficient consideration of the overall situation of wetland regulations.In view of the current problems,combined with China's wetland protection practice and institutional embedding theory,this study puts forward the following recommendations for China's wetland con⁃servation:①Based on the evolution of wetland laws and policies,we should further optimize the market mechanism for the green devel⁃opment of wetlands by improving the natural resource rights system,improving the ecological compensation mechanism,and refining the institutional design of green financial instruments.②We should balance the use of wetland instruments by adhering to the domi⁃nance of command-and-control instruments and focusing on the use of n

关 键 词：湿地保护 治理工具 全过程控制 多元共治 文本分析 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]