陕北风沙草滩区覆膜对土壤理化性质和春玉米产量的影响  

Effects of plastic film mulching on soil physicochemical properties and spring maize yield in wind and sand erosion area of northern Shaanxi

作　　者：陈启航 李佳奇 史建国 常风云 段义忠[1] 贾磊 陈涛 宋平戈 CHEN Qi-hang;LI Jia-qi;SHI Jian-guo;CHANG Feng-yun;DUAN Yi-zhong;JIA Lei;CHEN Tao;SONG Ping-ge

机构地区：[1]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]榆林盛大种业有限公司,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2024年第2期96-100,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：榆林学院博士科研启动基金(项目编号:18GK08);陕西省重点研发计划项目(项目编号:2022FP-35);陕西林业科技创新重点专项(项目编号:SXLK2023-02-36)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究覆膜方式对陕北风沙草滩区土壤理化性质和春玉米产量的影响。试验选取当地主推玉米品种中榆968,设置膜上栽培、膜际栽培和无膜栽培3个处理,分析覆膜对土壤含水量、pH值、有机质、玉米农艺性状、产量和籽粒营养品质的影响。结果显示,在0~20、21~40 cm土层,膜际栽培土壤含水量高于无膜栽培(P<0.05);在41~60 cm土层,膜上栽培和膜际栽培土壤含水量高于无膜栽培(P<0.05)。随着土壤深度的增加,各处理的土壤pH值均呈现下降趋势,不同土层的土壤pH值排序均为无膜栽培>膜际栽培>膜上栽培;其中0~20 cm土层膜上栽培土壤pH值低于无膜栽培(P<0.05)。在0~20 cm土层,膜际栽培与膜上栽培土壤有机质含量高于无膜栽培(P<0.05);41~60 cm土层膜际栽培土壤有机质含量高于膜上栽培和无膜栽培(P<0.05)。膜际栽培玉米的株高、鲜穗重、穗粒数和产量高于其他处理(P<0.05),茎粗和百粒重高于无膜栽培(P<0.05)。膜际栽培的玉米籽粒粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量为8.22%和4.58%,均高于无膜栽培(P<0.05)。研究表明,膜际栽培更适于陕北风沙草滩区的春玉米种植,可在该地进一步推广应用。The experiment aimed to investigate the impact of plastic film mulching on the soil physicochemical properties and spring maize yield in the wind and sand erosion area of northern Shaanxi.The experiment utilized the locally recommended maize variety ZHONGYU968 and included three treatments:Surface mulching,inter-row mulching,and no mulching.The study analyzed the influence of mulching on the soil moisture content,pH value,organic matter,maize agronomic traits,yield,and grain nutritional quality.The results showed that in the 0~20 cm and 21~40 cm soil layers,the soil moisture content of the inter-row mulching treatment was higher than that of the no mulching treatment(P<0.05).In the 41~60 cm soil layer,both surface and inter-row mulching increased soil moisture content compared to no mulching(P<0.05).With the increase of soil depth,the pH value of all treatments exhibited a decreasing trend,with the pH values ranking as no mulching>inter-row mulching>surface mulching in different soil layers.Specifically,in the 0~20 cm soil layer,the pH value of surface mulching was lower than that of no mulching(P<0.05).In the 0~20 cm soil layer,the organic matter content of both inter-row and surface mulching was higher than that of no mulching(P<0.05),while in the 41~60 cm soil layer,the organic matter content of inter-row mulching was higher than that of surface mulching and no mulching(P<0.05).Maize under the inter-row mulching exhibited greater plant height,fresh ear weight,ear grain number,and yield than other treatments(P<0.05),with stem diameter and hundred-grain weight higher than no mulching(P<0.05).The crude protein and crude fat content of maize grains under inter-row mulching were 8.22%and 4.58%,respectively,both higher than no mulching(P<0.05).The study indicates that the inter-row mulching is more suitable for spring maize cultivation in the wind and sand erosion area of northern Shaanxi and can be further promoted in the region.

关 键 词：陕北风沙草滩区 地膜覆盖 土壤理化性质 玉米 产量 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]