未成年人网络欺凌的现状、特征、影响及对策研究  

The current situation,characteristics,adverse effects and educativecountermeasures of juvenile cyberbullying

作　　者：沙莉 韩旭 杨津津 SHA Li;HAN Xu;YANG Jinjin(College of Preschool Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Wenyuan School in laiwu,Jinan 250000,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学学前教育学院,北京100048 [2]济南市莱芜区汶源学校,山东济南250000

出　　处：《重庆邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期56-68,共13页Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:“全面三孩”政策下基于人口预测的超大城市普惠性托幼资源供需及统筹配置研究(BHA220132)。

摘　　要：网络欺凌是伴随着互联网技术的高速发展而出现的一种新型欺凌方式。这一现象在未成年人群体中有着较高的发生率,特别是随着网络的发展与普及,越来越多的青少年接触到互联网,更频繁地使用互联网从事各种活动,这使未成年人陷入网络欺凌的潜在风险日益增加。未成年人网络欺凌现象亟需关注和应对,其特点表现为多样性、复杂性等,其行为包括网络谩骂、网络骚扰、网络盯梢等形式。这些行为严重影响了未成年人的健康发展,在生理方面使受害者可能经历入睡困难、食欲不振和身体不适等,在心理方面又使他们可能出现焦虑、抑郁、自卑感和社交障碍等心理问题。目前,许多国家已经采取了一系列对策和措施来预防和惩戒未成年人网络欺凌,包括通过立法来明确网络欺凌的法律责任和处罚,为未成年人的健康成长营造出安全的网络环境;完善学校管理制度,构筑学校制度屏障,为未成年人的健康成长保驾护航;提高家长的监护意识和能力,并强化家长的家庭网络监管责任,加强网络安全教育,提高未成年人的网络素养。教导未成年人识别和应对潜在的网络风险是预防网络欺凌发生的关键,只有充分调动和发挥家校社协同的多方力量,国家、社会、学校和家长等不同层面积极参与,才能有效预防未成年人网络欺凌现象。Cyberbullying is a new form of bullying that has emerged with the fast development of Internet technology.This phenomenon has a high incidence rate among minors,especially with the development of the Internet and social media,as more and more teenagers come into contact with the Internet and use it more frequently for various activities.The potential risk of minors being subjected to cyberbullying has greatly increased.The phenomenon of cyberbullying among minors requires urgent attention and response,and it exhibits diverse and complex characteristics,including cyber-abuse,cyber-harassment,cyber-stalking,and other forms of behavior.These behaviors have seriously affected the healthy development of minors,causing victims to experience physiological problems such as difficulty falling asleep,loss of appetite,and physical discomfort,as well as psychological problems such as anxiety,depression,low self-esteem,and social barriers.Currently,many countries have taken a series of countermeasures to prevent and punish cyberbullying among minors,such as establishing national legislation that has clarified the legal responsibilities and penalties for cyberbullying to create a safe online environment for the healthy growth of minors;improving school management systems and building school institutional barriers to escort the healthy growth of minors;enhancing parental guardianship awareness and abilities,strengthening parental family network supervision responsibilities,strengthening cybersecurity education,and improving minors’cyber literacy.Teaching minors to identify and respond to potential cyber risks is the key to preventing cyberbullying from occurring.Only by fully mobilizing and leveraging the power of multiple parties such as home-school-community collaboration,the state,society,schools,and parents,can we jointly prevent and punish cyberbullying among minors.

关 键 词：未成年人网络安全 网络欺凌特征与影响 媒介教育 

分 类 号：D902[政治法律—法学理论]