印加梯田的兴衰与特点  

The Rise and Fall of the Inca Terraces and Their Characteristics

作　　者：王译 Wang Yi(Faculty of History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《天津大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期166-173,共8页Journal of Tianjin University：Social Sciences

摘　　要：印加梯田是前哥伦布时期拉丁美洲独特的人文景观,是印加人有意改造地貌的公共工程。印加梯田在继承前印加文明梯田技术的基础上,扩大耕地面积、培育物种,保持水土,创造出适宜种植的微环境。具有集约化特点的印加梯田与灌溉技术的结合形成了稳定的种植环境,在一定程度上还扮演了安抚神灵、彰显帝国霸权、实现社区认同、展现文化与帝国美学的角色。西班牙殖民者入侵后,欧洲疾病的传播,新物种、新土地模式与新工具的引进与推广,社会经济结构的变化以及自然物理因素使印加梯田走向衰落。The Inca terraces represented a unique distinctive cultural landscape in pre-Columbian Latin America,reflect-ing a concerted effort by the Inca people to deliberately alter the terrain for public works.Inheriting the terrace technology of earlier Inca civilization,the Inca people expanded arable land,cultivated species,conserved water and soil,thus cre-ating a microenvironment suitable for cultivation.The intensification of the Inca terraces,combined with irrigation tech-nology,formed a stable cultivation environment.To a certain extent,they also played a role in appeasing the gods,mani-festing imperial hegemony,fostering community identity,reflecting cultural and imperial aesthetics.After the Spanish colonial invasion,the spread of European diseases,the introduction and diffusion of new species,new land patterns and tools,changes in the socio-economic structure and various physical environmental factors led to the decline of the Inca terraces.

关 键 词：印加文明 梯田 农业集约化 社区认同 

分 类 号：K702[历史地理—历史学]