粉末静电喷涂车间颗粒物暴露检测与职业健康风险评估  

Particles exposure detection and occupational health risk assessment of powder electrostatic spraying workshop

作　　者：王煜倩 高向景[2] 张元宝 谢昊涵 陈瑞 WANG Yuqian;GAO Xiangjing;ZHANG Yuanbao;XIE Haohan;CHEN Rui(Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health,Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100054,China;Occupational Health and Radiation Protection Institute,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310051,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所职业安全健康北京市重点实验室,北京100054 [2]浙江省疾病预防控制中心职业健康与辐射防护所,浙江杭州310051

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2024年第2期177-182,共6页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21777036);北科院城安所改革与发展经费培育类项目(PY2020HJ34);北科院城安所科技启萌计划(ZA-RCB-230430)。

摘　　要：为探究静电喷涂作业颗粒物职业暴露程度,选取2家汽配企业(A企业和R企业),实时检测作业场所颗粒物暴露水平,进行颗粒物形态学分析,模拟计算在人体呼吸道的沉积率,使用控制分级策略Stoffenmanager Nano模型评价风险等级。研究结果表明:喷涂车间收集到的颗粒物多呈不规则的晶体状;以碳(C)、氧(O)元素为主,含有多种金属元素,包括铝(Al)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)等;A,R企业个体平均数量浓度为29565,88337个/cm_(3)。A企业、R企业以及环境背景的PM 1.0的平均质量浓度为0.123,0.335和0.063 mg/m^(3),企业颗粒物质量浓度均高于大气背景值,且具有统计学差异。经Stoffenmanager Nano模型评估,A,R企业风险等级均为高风险等级。研究结果可为静电喷涂作业场所颗粒物暴露检测与职业健康风险评估提供具体数据支持及方法参考。In order to explore the occupational exposure degree of particles in electrostatic spraying operation,two auto parts enterprises(A and R enterprises)were selected to detect the exposure level of particles in the workplace in real time,and the morphological analysis of particles was carried out.The deposition rate of particles in human respiratory tract was simulated and calculated,and the risk level was evaluated by using the control classification strategy of Stoffenmanager Nano model.The results show that the particles collected in the spraying workshop are mostly irregular crystals,which are mainly composed of carbon(C)and oxygen(O)elements,and contain a variety of metal elements,including aluminum(Al),nickel(Ni),zinc(Zn),etc.The individual average number concentration of A and R enterprises are 29565 and 88337 particles/cm^(3).The average mass concentrations of PM 1.0 in enterprises A,R and environmental background are 0.123,0.335 and 0.063 mg/m^(3),respectively.The mass concentrations of particles in enterprises are all higher than that in environmental background,and there are statistical difference.According to the evaluation of Stoffenmanager Nano model,the risk level of A and R enterprises are both the high-risk level.The research results can provide specific data support and methodological reference for particles exposure detection and occupational health risk assessment in the electrostatic spraying workplaces.

关 键 词：细及超细颗粒物 静电喷涂 暴露监测 风险评估 职业健康 

分 类 号：X961[环境科学与工程—安全科学]