体育锻炼参与对老年人阶层认同的影响——基于CGSS(2010—2021)混合截面数据的分析  

The Effect of Physical Activity Participation on Class Identity of the Elderly:Analysis based on Mixed Cross-sectional Data from CGSS

作　　者：方程[1,2] 安珠鑫 FANG Cheng;AN Zhuxin(Soccer School,Xi′an Physical Education University,Xi′an 710068,Shaanxi,China;School of Humanities and Social Science,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,Shaanxi,China;Department of Graduate,Xi′an Physical Education University,Xi′an 710068,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院足球学院,陕西西安710068 [2]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,陕西西安710049 [3]西安体育学院研究生部,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2024年第1期105-116,共12页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目(编号:2021Q003)。

摘　　要：该研究基于2010—2021年7次中国综合社会调查(CGSS)中60~85岁老年人的混合截面数据,运用Ologit回归、工具变量法、KHB模型和交互项调节效应检验等方法对体育锻炼参与影响老年人阶层认同的机制及变化进行了研究。研究得出:(1)总体来看,参与体育锻炼的老年人占比约为37.37%,其中,2010~2013年老年人体育锻炼参与人数比例不高、但较为稳定;2014年开始,老年人体育锻炼参与人数比例逐渐增加。此外,随着社会变迁,阶层认同处于中上层及上层的老年人占比也在逐渐增加。(2)体育锻炼参与对老年人的阶层认同具有显著促进作用。(3)体育锻炼参与对老年人阶层认同的影响能够通过改善身体健康、心理健康和社会交往等中介作用来提升其阶层认同。(4)教育程度、房产起到了显著的调节作用。体育锻炼参与显著提升了低教育水平老年人的阶层认同,但这种提升作用随着时间的变迁在逐渐变小;拥有房产也可有效增强体育锻炼参与对老年人阶层认同的正向促进作用,但增强力度随着时间的变迁也在变小。Based on the mixed cross-sectional data of elderly people aged 60 to 85 from the China General Social Survey(CGSS)conducted from 2010 to 2021,this study mainly uses Ologit regression,instrumental variable method,KHB model,and interaction effect tests to investigate the mechanism and changes of the impact of sports exercise participation on the class identification of the elderly.The findings are as follows:(1)Overall,the proportion of elderly people participating in physical exercise is 37%,among which,the proportion of the elderly participating from 2010 to 2013 is not high but stable,and the participation rate has gradually increased since 2014.The proportion of elderly people in the middle-upper and upper class in terms of class identification has also increased with social changes.(2)Physical exercise participation has a significant promoting effect on the class identification of the elderly.(3)The influence of physical exercise participation on class identity of the elderly can enhance their class identity through the mediating effects of improving physical health,mental health and social communication.(4)Education level and property ownership have a significant moderating effects.Physical exercise participation significantly enhances the class identification of elderly people with low education levels,but this enhancing effect gradually diminishes over time.Furthermore,property ownership effectively enhances the positive promoting effect of physical exercise participation on class identification among the elderly,but the intensity of enhancement also decreases over time.

关 键 词：体育锻炼 阶层认同 中介效应 调节效应 

分 类 号：G812.4[文化科学—体育学]